通道、觀視與地方：台北市天橋的生產與建構

Abstract

本研究探討台北市的天橋發展，以官方的交通治理和民眾的實際使用作為主要分析面向，並引入Setha Low（2017）的空間的社會生產和空間的社會建構概念來掌握此張力。作者將天橋視為安全通道和多重意義的空間，一方面從天橋的生產脈絡探究治理邏輯的演變，另一方面從民眾的多重使用中探尋地方建構的意義。作者以現地觀察和深度訪談為主要研究方法，並佐以次級資料分析，包括新聞報導、官方出版品、電影與書籍等。 作者首先梳理台北市交通的發展歷史與演變脈絡，從三個治理主軸理解官方如何使天橋生產、衰退到淘汰，分別是機動車城市、人本城市與意象城市。官方治理之手掌控天橋的生與死，從人車分離到人本交通，行人被引導至安全通道，卻在多年後再次回到平面。然而，在跨越道路的典型人行天橋衰退後，脫離交通治理脈絡的新型態天橋誕生，成為都市意象下的治理目標，開始追尋景觀營造、奇觀地景與經濟效益。 接著，作者整理並分析現地觀察的田野材料。本研究選用七個案例，說明天橋何以從官方治理的安全通道轉變為多重意義的地方，並分別從生活性、歷史性、景觀性與商業性質的地方主題來分類探討。治理縫隙中的使用，促成多重意義建構，讓我們看到除了交通治理與都市規劃之外的層面。為補充現況使用之外的天橋意涵，作者深入已消逝的過往經驗、記憶與再現，包括天橋現存的特殊現象與使用、不復存在的現象以及文本中的天橋再現。從多樣化的文本再現中，以創作者的角度探討天橋作為場景所隱含的地方感、地方意象與象徵。 最後，作者再次回到本研究的主要問題意識，強調天橋作為交通治理下的「安全通道」的同時，也有使用者彈性使用的「多重地方」存在；這兩者的張力不僅是同時存在，也是持續存在，更是交錯重疊的。都市天橋體現了台北市都市發展與治理邏輯的演變，反映了時代變遷，並且承載了市民的共同記憶。

This paper explores the development of pedestrian bridges in Taipei City, using both urban governance and actual use as the main analysis aspects, and introduces Setha Low's (2017) concept of the social production of space and the social construction of space to grasp this tension. The author regards pedestrian bridges as a safe passage and a space with multiple meanings. On the one hand, the paper explores the evolution of governance logic from the production context of pedestrian bridges; on the other hand, it explores the meaning of local construction from the multiple uses of the people. The author uses here-and-now observation and in-depth interviews as the main research methods, accompanied by secondary data, including news reports, official publications, movies and books. The author first begins with a review of urban governance on transportation in Taipei City. Using three main concept to understand how pedestrian bridges were produced, then went through decline and elimination, namely, a motor vehicle city, a humanity-oriented city and an image city. The governance controls the life and death of the pedestrian bridge, that is from the separation of people and vehicles to human-oriented traffic. Pedestrians are guided to pedestrian bridges, but later return to the ground again after many years. However, after the typical pedestrian bridge that crosses the road declined, a new type of pedestrian bridge that was out of the context of traffic governance was born and became the governance goal under the creation of the city image, and began to pursue landscape construction, spectacle and economic benefits. Next, the author sorted out and analyzed field materials observed on-site. This study selects seven cases to illustrate why the pedestrian bridge transforms from a safe passage to a place with multiple meanings, and discusses it separately from the themes of everyday life, history, landscape and commercial space. The gaps in the governance has contributed to the construction of multiple meanings, allowing us to see more than traffic governance and urban planning. In order to supplement the meaning of the pedestrian bridge beyond the current use, the author delves into the experience, memory and representation that has gone, including some special phenomenon and use of the bridges which has no longer exists, and the reproduction of the bridge in different kinds of text. From these diversified reproductions and exploring the perspective of the creator, they show the sense of place, imagery and symbolism implied by the pedestrian bridge as a movie scene. Finally, the author once again returns to the main concept of this paper, emphasizing that pedestrian bridges are used as 'safe passages' under traffic policy, and there are also 'multiple places' that users can use flexibly. The tension between the two is not only simultaneous, but also continues to exist, but it also overlaps. The urban pedestrian bridge reflects the evolution of Taipei's urban development and governance logic, reflects the changes of the times, and carries the common memory of citizens.