日本人辯護士與殖民地台灣社會運動－ 以自由法曹團為中心

Abstract

本論文為了探究殖民民族與被殖民民族在殖民地社會運動中的交流狀況，以「自由法曹團」辯護士和殖民地台灣的社會運動作為主要研究對象，透過報紙、回憶錄等史料，追索了「自由法曹團」辯護士在殖民地朝鮮和臺灣的活動、協助殖民地社會運動的動機、採用的法庭辯護策略、對臺灣社會運動所造成的影響，以及臺灣總督府和臺灣人對於他們活動的應對與評價。 本論文發現，「自由法曹團」辯護士在殖民地的活動多是採取「法庭戰」與「社會戰」並行的模式，以布施辰治和古屋貞雄兩人的個人活動為主。由於布施和古屋在人生經歷與思想縝密度各有不同，前者有過與體制決裂的經驗，又有一套以人道主義為核心的思想體系，支撐其活動；後者則既未有與體制決裂的經驗，思想也不如前者縝密，容易受時代氛圍影響，因此在思想、策略上，布施傾向於「體制外抵抗」，古屋傾向於「體制內改革」。在布施和古屋的影響下，臺灣的社會運動者吸收了來自日本內地的無產階級解放運動理論、戰術，變得愈發左傾，農民運動和勞工運動等左翼社會運動也紛紛迎來了運動高峰。然而，在農民、勞工不熱衷於政治目標的追求及臺灣總督府有意放任的情況下，他們的活動反而也間接造成了臺灣左翼社會運動的萎縮，並加深了臺灣社會運動戰線的左右分裂。另外，對於布施和古屋的活動，臺灣人雖然大多表示歡迎且持正面評價，但仍會在雙方社會運動經驗和思想主張不同的情況下對其提出批判。

In order to explore the communication between the colonial nation and the colonized nation in the colonial social movement, this thesis takes the lawyers of the " Japan Lawyers Association for Freedom " and the social movement in colonial Taiwan as the main research objects, and traced the activities of the lawyers of the " Japan Lawyers Association for Freedom " in colonial Korea and Taiwan, their motives for assisting social movements in the colonies and their court defense strategies, their impact on social movements in Taiwan, and the response, comments of the Government-General of Taiwan and Taiwanese to their activities through newspapers, memoirs and other historical materials. This thesis finds that the activities of the lawyers of the " Japan Lawyers Association for Freedom "in the colonies mostly adopted the mode of "Court Warfare" and "Social Warfare" in parallel, focusing on the personal activities of Fuse Tatsuji and Furuya Sadao. Since Fuse and Furuya had different life experiences and ideological rigor, the former had the experience of breaking with the system, and had an ideological system centered on humanitarianism to supported his activities; the latter had neither the experience of breaking with the system, nor is the ideology as rigorous as the former, and easily influenced by the atmosphere of the times. Therefore, in terms of ideology and strategy, Fuse tends to "Resistance outside the System", and Furuya tends to "Reform within the System". Under the influence of Fuse and Furuya, the social activists in Taiwan absorbed the theories and tactics of the proletarian liberation movement from Mainland Japan, and became more left-leaning. Left-wing social movements such as the peasant movement and labor movement also ushered in their peak. However, when peasants and laborers were not keen on pursuing political goals and the Government-General of Taiwan deliberately allowed their activities, their activities indirectly caused the shrinking of left-wing social movements in Taiwan and deepened the division between leftist and rightist in Taiwanese social movement front. In addition, although most Taiwanese welcome and held positive comments on the activities of Fuse and Furuya, they still criticized them when they had different experiences of social movements and ideological propositions.