天際本事:天台的地方與空間探索

Abstract

在一般人的認知裡，天台一向被人認為是邊緣、無法接近的空間。然而，如今有不少現象表明了天台：（一）可以各種方式被挪用，如頂樓加建、設置鴿舍，甚而凸顯出台灣的在地特色；以及，（二）成為一處富有地方歸屬感、人際關係或歷史的場所，如某些設置於天台的社區農園，從而挑戰前述提及之印象。應此，本研究旨在通過訪談、檔案分析和實地觀察等方法，並從相關案例裡探問天台借助於哪些空間特質、地方關聯，從而體現上述空間到地方的轉變。其中，天台如何於空間和地方二個概念之間進行意義和狀態的游移更是此一探索之核心。

本研究首先通泛性地檢視天台在臺灣的發展歷程，指陳天台各式空間的意義類型係於何種時空背景下產生的。應此，本文主要將天台分成三種面向，依序為：（一）空間類型：天台作為承載各種用途、形式和象徵的空間載體，如何從早先的建物附屬發展成為晚近的綠化空間。（二）附加物件：各個依附於天台的附加物件，如何參與和建構天台的空間用途和定位。（三）挪為它用：人們如何轉化 天台的常規用途，並發展出各種非正式的空間利用和文化。最終，本文將綜合上述面向，敘明其如何襄助我們探見都市的發展軌跡。

接著，本研究發現「地方形成」是探見天台從空間（或謂「非地方」）轉變為地方之關鍵，並以四類案例作進一步的考察：（一）地方想像和認同：天台如何成為異鄉人棲居、獨處的空間，甚至成為其想像和認同家鄉／異鄉之所在。（二）地方媒介：天台如何化作人和地景間的媒介，並成為地方學教育和地景展示的場所。（三）地方創造：天台用作像社區農園的公共空間時，如何促成在地的社會交往、地緣社群之發軔。（四）地方協商：天台如何捲入地方政治的過程，成為官方治理和民眾使用之間的協商場域。

最後，為了理解是哪些空間性質促成天台得以和地方產生聯繫的，本研究於是重新審視上述四類案例，並比較它們和其他一般情形下的天台有何不同之處。最終通過這層檢視，本研究將述明何以天台其「離地」和「接地」的空間特性將會是探討此題的關鍵線索。另一方面，相應於天台從空間（非地方）到地方的狀態改變，本研究亦反向思索天台是否可能因著地方意義的消逝，轉而從地方「退化」為空間。對此，本研究是以獅子林商業大樓天台分析案例，以之揭開「地方退化」面紗下，天台如何以新的地方樣態重新面向世人。

Rooftop is commonly regarded as a marginal and inaccessible space by most of the people. However, nowadays, some phenomena show that rooftop, firstly, can be appropriated in various ways and challenging the impression, such as illegal rooftop dwellings or pigeon net, which may even accentuate the urban characteristics of Taiwan; secondly, may become a place rich in belongingness, interpersonal relationship or history, such as some community roof gardens. Thus, this research aims to investigates the rooftop’s “space to place” transformation. The research applies the methods of interviews, archive analysis, field observation and other methods, by exploring relevant cases to reveal what spatial characteristics and place associations the rooftop relies on.

Furthermore, to discuss how the rooftop moves back and forth between the “space” and “place” in terms of meaning and status. This study starts from exploring the development of rooftops in Taiwan, referring to the historical background in which various space types of rooftops were produced. Accordingly, the discussion is developed in three dimensions. First, the rooftop as a type of space, that carries various uses and symbols, and in different forms, trying to answer how the rooftop could evolve from a building attachment into a green space throughout history. Second, the rooftop as an additional object, that attaches to the roof, and however, how the rooftop can develop more and more uses and de-define the roof. Third, the rooftop’s misappropriation, that how people transform the conventional functions of the rooftop and develop various informal activities and cultures. Finally, this study will synthesize the above discussions to find out how rooftop shapes a track of urban development.

The study is then followed by analyzing the rooftop’s “place formation”, how it transforms from “space” (or "non-place") to “place”. by investigating four selected cases. First, the emerging of the imagination and identity building in the rooftop dwelling or retreat space of urban strangers. Second, rooftop’s place intermediary between people and landscape in the education of local history. Third, Rooftop’s place making for public in fostering community’s social interaction. Fourth, Rooftop’s place negotiation in the local politics between government and people.

In order to understand the spatial properties that make the rooftop connect with the place, the last part of the thesis summarizes the above cases and compares them with other common rooftops. Through the inspection, this study explains why the spatial characteristics "off-ground" and "grounding" are the pair of the key concepts to explore this issue. Also, paralleling the change of rooftop from space (non-place) to place, this study ponders whether the rooftop may "degenerate" from place to space due to the disappearance of its original place meaning, or it can re-face the world in such a new place status.