民進黨派系發展的政經分析，2008-2021

Abstract

民進黨是個由派系組成的政黨，因此要研究民進黨，就必須要先研究派系。民進黨內的政治人物幾乎都有加入派系運作，以派系為後盾，作為自己爭取黨內權力和利益，讓自己、也讓派系成長茁壯。但在台灣的政經環境變遷下，派系之形成、運作與衰退勢必會受到影響，而呈現出不同的樣貌；且派系間並不一定全然競爭，有時派系為了更大的利益也會相互妥協而合作。 本文採用「歷史結構觀點」及「政治經濟觀點」為核心概念，輔以訪談及筆者的個人經驗，分析三個主要的面向。首先，民進黨自1986年創黨以迄今，在各時期政經框架下，黨內派系的消長脈絡，以及派系各自的特色；其次，民進黨經歷了在野時期、首次執政、再次下野，到現在的再次執政，期間黨內派系的競合，是否會因在朝或在野而有所不同；第三，民進黨在外界的形象一直都是團結的，但黨內派系林立，是否會有破壞民進黨團結的疑慮。 透過上述分析研究，本文發現在歷史脈絡下，民進黨派系的確發展出各自不同的特色，也隱含著特定的「偏差」特性。派系會隨著時空背景而有所消長，但派系之間的競合並不會因在朝或在野而有很大的差異，且彼此之間的爭鬥僅止於黨內，只要黨中央作出決議，那麼派系就會一致對外、團結一心。尤其在蔡英文2008當選黨主席後，因其有別於以往政治人物的清新特質，為民進黨帶來了嶄新的氣象，帶領民進黨開啟了「英派時代」。 最後，本文也提出幾項建議，期望民進黨的未來能夠走得更加穩固，並能建立穩定的初選制度，營造派系能夠良性競爭的環境。

Factions in the DPP is a core mechanism for coalition-building within the party. Therefore, if we want to study the DPP, we must first study the factions. Almost all DPP politicians have joined a faction, as their own backing for power and interests within the party so that themselves could grow and thrive along with the factions. However, under the changes of Taiwan's political economy environment, the formation, operation and falling of factions will inevitably be affected and different than they used to be. Moreover, factions are not always in competition; sometimes factions would compromise and cooperate with one another for the greater good. The main concepts used in this study are "historical structure" and "political economy", and based on interviews and the author's personal experience, to analyze three main aspects. First, the DPP was founded in 1986, in every political economy period, how the factions’ rise and fall within the party, and what are their characteristics. Second, the DPP has gone through many periods. During these periods, will the factions’ competition and cooperation differ whether the DPP is in power or in opposition? Third, the outside world has always believed that the DPP is united, but will the factions undermine the unity of the DPP? This study found that the DPP factions have developed their own distinct characteristics, which also contain specific "bias". The factions will grow and fall, however, the competition and cooperation between the factions will not differ whether the DPP is in power or in opposition. And the factions’ struggle is within the party only. If the Party Central Committee makes a decision, the factions will accept and be united. Especially after Tsai Ing-wen was elected party chairman in 2008, her freshness is different from other politicians, bringing a new atmosphere to the DPP, and leading the DPP to open the “Ing Faction era”. Finally, this study also puts forward several suggestions, hoping that the DPP can go further in the future, establish a stable primary election system, and create an excellent environment for healthy competition among the factions.