理性化與再魅化:澳門荷官的日常工作

Abstract

「荷官」，是指在賭場中負責派牌的人。早在1950年代起，由於中國大陸在共產黨統治之下厲行禁賭，鄰埠香港亦只許賽馬、六合彩等少數賭博活動，澳門成為整個中國裡、唯一允許經營賭場的城市，使得荷官成為澳門的特有行業。2001年，澳門特區政府宣佈增發賭牌，容許更多外資來澳經營賭場，使得更多澳門人得以投身荷官一行。直到賭權開放之前，澳門荷官的數量仍只有2000多人，到了2014年底，卻上升至25752人，10年之內足足升了10倍，對澳門社會的影響不可謂不大。 雖然如此，有關澳門荷官的研究卻甚為少見。故此，我試圖以自己6個月以來，擔任荷官的田野調查為資料來源，輔以「理性化」（rationalization）和「再魅化」（re-enchantment）兩大概念，寫成了這篇論文，希望對澳門荷官的日常工作作一民族誌式的記錄。

Since 1950s, Macau became the only city in China where legalized casinos, while the Mainland was under the rule of Communist and forbade gambling, also Hong Kong, where horse racing and Mark Six were the only two games allowed. And it caused “dealers”, who distribute cards for the players in casino, become a unique career in Macau. In 2001, Macau SAR Government announced to offer more casino licenses, which mean companies from oversea would open casinos in Macau, and make a great demand for the labors, include dealers. When gambling industry was under monopoly, there were about 2000 dealers in Macau, until 2014, the number increased 10 times to 25752, undoubtedly made a great impact to Macau. Still, there are only few studies about Macau dealer. To make a record about dealer, I had just finished my fieldwork by working as a dealer for 6 months, and tried to make analysis with the concepts of “rationalization” and “re-enchantment”.