臺北市空中菌類孢子相之探究

Abstract

臺北市的空中菌類胞子，經由民國六十六年五月一日至六十七年四月三十日，一年來的收集，共分離了4,960個菌落，至少有74屬，其中以下列幾屬居大部分（79.24%）：Cladosporium(28.13%）,Yeasts(27.08%），Aspergillus(7.52%),Penicillium(6.88%),Curvularia(4.15%),Alternaria(2.96%),以及Fusarium(2.52%)。這些屬是每個月均出現的。 此外，有18屬是經常出現，但數量上較少的，尤其是下麵幾個屬：Actinomyces,Phoma,Botrytis,Aureobasidium,Gloeosporium,Trichoderma,Pestalotia,Monilia,以及Papularia。 其餘 49 屬較少出現。 以菌落數而言，冬季比夏季多，且許多屬在出現頻率上，顯示了明顯的季節性。似乎菌落數與溫度及雨量有直接的相關性。由數據顯示，總菌落數與高溫成反比例，同樣的，和雨量亦成反比。 一日中胞子歡量的變化，根據其高?出現的情形，將其分為熱季晴天型、暖季晴天型、冷季陰天型、兩次高?型及中間型五類。各屬出現的情形及屬中種數概況，亦略述於文中。 本實驗之結果，與其他地區同樣的調查相比較，發現有許多相似之處，提供給我們進一步的瞭解，各地的空中菌類胞子相，具有或多或少的統一性。

According to one year’s collection(from 1 May 1977 to 30 April 1978),the aerial fungal spora of Taipei had been roughly figured.A total of 4,960 isolates distributing to 74 genera were recorded.Of which the majority(79.24%)were species of Cladosporium(28.13%),Yeasts(27.08%),Aspergillus(7.52%),Penicillium(6.88%),Curvularia(4.15%),Alternaria(2.96%),and Fusarium(2.52%).These genera occurred every month. A further eighteen genera were also isolated consistently but less abundantly,especially species of Actinomyces,phoma,Botrytis,Aureobasidium,Gloeosporium,Trichoderma,Pestalotia,Monilia,and Papularia. The remaining forty-nine genera occurred very infrequenrly. More colonies were recorded during the winter months than the bot months of summer,with many genera showing a distinct seasonal periodicity in frequency of isolation,There appeared to be close correlation between temperature,rainfall and the number of colonies recorded.The data showed that there was a general inverse relationship between the total number of colonies and high temperature levels.The correlation with rainfall also followed an overall inverse pattern. Daily variation was divided into five types :hot season,sunny day pattern;warm season,sunny day pattern;cold season,cloudy day pattern;double peak pattern;and intermediate pattern.The appearance time of each genera and species distribution were deseribed briefly in this text. The results showed numerous similarities with those of comparable investigations elsewhere,providing further evidence for the existence of a relatively uniform structure of the fungal atmospheric population.