蘭嶼核廢料的健康風險治理

Abstract

本研究旨在探討蘭嶼核廢料健康風險知識的治理過程。我透過檔案資料分析、田野觀察與訪談，闡述從1980年代至2019年，蘭嶼核廢料的健康風險的浮現與治理。本研究的發現有三點：第一，蘭嶼居民對核廢料的健康質疑在1980年代出現，而原子能委員會將居民的健康質疑理解成心理焦慮，並且指出沒有做健康研究的必要。第二，1990年代，為回應民眾的健康質疑，原子能委員會與台灣電力公司透過科學研究與健康調查，並且首次以公眾衛生流行病學角度討論蘭嶼核廢料的健康風險。但是，該研究在抽樣方法與研究面向皆有限制。第三，2013年政府部門委託國家衛生研究院執行蘭嶼的健康調查，卻在2017年因為信任問題而中止。取而代之的是，2018年起政府部門改以健康檢查的方式，不在蘭嶼執行健康調查，而讓居民了解自身健康情形。在蘭嶼核廢料的健康治理過程中，蘭嶼居民對核廢料健康問題的質疑，逐漸成為重要的課題。專業社群也用「健康風險」的角度，檢視民眾對健康疑慮，可以分為健康效應、風險因子的調查。「健康風險」的調查也可能受到信任問題挑戰而重新協商方案。

My research discusses the health risk governance of low-level nuclear waste in Ponso no Tao (aka. Lanyu). To analyze the emerge and governance of health risk, I use a variety of methods, including archival data analysis, participant observation and interview. My research has three main points. First, during 1980s, inhabitants in Lanyu concerned the health issue of nuclear waste. Atomic Energy Council (AEC) attributed locals’ health concern to anxiety and fear. In addition, the experts suggested that it was unnecessary to conduct health research in Lanyu. Second, in 1990s, to responded locals’ health concern, AEC and Taiwan Power Company, for the first time, discussed the health risk of nuclear in Lanyu with the studies of epidemiology. However, these studies were criticized for the limits of sampling method and research indicators. Third, from 2013 to 2017, National Health Research Institutes was commissioned by the government to research the health issue in Lanyu, but suspended the health risk research because of social trust problem. Instead, the government started the health checkups in Lanyu from 2018, and emphasized that the locals’ health data of health checkups wouldn’t be used for any research. Finally, in the process of the governance of heath risk in Lanyu, locals’ health concern has become the important issue. The experts respond the health concern with health risk theory. The social trust issue also could challenge the scientific health research and make the experts and locals negotiate a new solution of health problem.