省籍影像與世代遊戲：《牯嶺街少年殺人事件》、《超級大國民》、《返校》的白色恐怖再現

Abstract

本論文分析三個文本的白色恐怖再現：楊德昌1991年的《牯嶺街少年殺人事件》、萬仁1995年的《超級大國民》與赤燭2017年的《返校》。經由文本的分析，論文重新探討1990年代，以及與2010年代做比較，辯論2010年代台灣許多社會問題是1990年代導致的。 文本的分析以「省籍」與「世代」為主軸，指出1990年代的文本都反映出當時政治和經濟轉型背後的省籍關係：《牯嶺街少年殺人事件》將1990年代外省人被邊緣化的危機感，投射在1960年代的外省人第二代孩子；《超級大國民》則試圖超越省籍對立及其帶來的過度簡化的受害者和加害者論述。這兩章採用後現代與後殖民概念框架化兩個文本的分析，藉此探索台灣知識分子如何理解台灣社會經歷的轉型，以及台灣在全球資本主義體制中的位置之變化。到了2010年代的《返校》，省籍不再是新世代的思考核心，新世代以台灣認同思考自己的身分，而且越來越多的白色恐怖相關資料，影響沒親身經歷過白色恐怖的新世代再現這段歷史。 本論文指出，1990年代以省籍關係為動機開始的轉型，導致台灣落入新自由主義經濟惡化的陷阱，影響台灣二十幾年的的發展。然而，當台灣已經完全邁入了新自由主義體制時，《返校》成功地將台灣的故事說給台灣和全世界聽，某程度上呼應今天轉型正義的呼籲。

This thesis analyzes representations of the White Terror in three texts: Edward Yang's 1991 A Brighter Summer Day, Wan Jen's 1995 Super Citizen Ko, and Red Candle's 2017 Detention. By analyzing these three texts, this thesis re-examines the 1990s and makes a comparison with the 2010s, arguing that many of the social issues of Taiwan in the 2010s have been caused by the 1990s. The textual analysis uses 'province of birth' and 'generation' as it main principles, pointing out that the two texts from the 1990s both reflect relations between people from different provinces that was at the back of the political and economic transformation at the time: A Brighter Summer Day takes refugees from China's feeling of crisis of being marginalized in the 1990s and projects this on second generation children of refugees in the 1960s; Super Citizen Ko instead tries to overcome the opposition between people from different provinces and the simplified discourse of victims and victimizers this has brought along. These two chapters use the concepts of the postmodern and postcolonial to frame the analysis, to explore how Taiwanese intellectuals understood the transformation that Taiwan experienced, as well as how Taiwan's location in the system of global capitalism was changing. Arriving at the new generation's Detention in the 2010s, province of birth is no longer a conceptual category of the new generation, as the new generation considers their identity in terms of identifying with Taiwan instead, and the growing multitude of materials related to the White Terror, influenced how the new generation that has not experienced the White Terror themselves represents this history. This thesis points out that the transformations that were initiated in the 1990s and had relations between people of different provinces of birth as a driving force, led to Taiwan entering the trap of neoliberal economic deterioration, influencing Taiwan's development for the past twenty years. However, when Taiwan has already fully entered the system of neoliberalism, Detention successfully tells Taiwan's story to Taiwan and the rest of the world, to some extent responding to calls for transitional justice.