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Title: | 轉化中的離常身心:清末民初小說中的疾病、戀屍、瘋狂與病之人格 Fictionizing the Abnormal in the Late Qing and Early Republican China: An Analysis of Illness, Necrophilia, Insanity and Neurotic Personality |
Authors: | Han-Yun Teng 鄧涵云 |
Advisor: | 潘少瑜(Shaw-Yu Pan) |
Keyword: | 近現代離常小說,疾病,瘋狂書寫,精神病者,病之人格, Modern abnormal fiction,Illness,Insanity writings,Neurotic Personality, |
Publication Year : | 2020 |
Degree: | 碩士 |
Abstract: | 晚清到五四時期,出現了一些描寫身體疾病、心理變態離常的小說,例如陸士諤《醫界鏡》、周瘦鵑〈西子湖底〉、魯迅《狂人日記》、郁達夫〈沉淪〉等。這些小說和傳統中國小說描寫疾病或者瘋狂的方式有所不同,又在1930年代發展成為了定型化的精神病書寫。身體疾病、心靈離常皆是將人物指涉為「正常」以外,亦即所描寫的人物因為被標誌為病者、變態、瘋人、精神病者等,被劃歸為離常人物。於是本文探問,這些小說人物是在什麼樣的社會環境、知識架構下被創造?小說中人物以怎麼樣的面貌呈現、如何被劃歸在正常的界線之外?再者,當被指稱為離常,這類人物就站在很特殊的話語位置,能言人所不能言,同時又因其「瘋癲」而不被採信,在能言人所不能言卻又不被採信的弔詭之間,作者想要表達的是什麼? 本文挖掘晚清至1930年代以前的離常小說,根據其書寫特徵、所承繼的傳統與受到的外來影響之差異,將離常小說分為變態、瘋人、精神病者三大類型探討。「變態」一詞在晚清開始出現「不正常的人」之含義,爾後結合歐洲世紀末思潮、佛洛伊德心理學進入文學之勢,成為小說中情欲表現偏離常軌的角色。變態小說繼承中國寫情傳統,主要受到歐洲世紀末思潮影響,演變成情痴、以死為美、戀屍等的描寫;瘋人小說延續諷刺小說,在俄國精神病小說傳入之下產生變化,轉化為現代版的瘋人諷刺小說;精神病小說則是因著西方心理學進入中國,帶來精神疾病觀念,並且接收日本「病的人格」小說描寫技法,所產生的新型態小說。 本文在這三大脈絡下,梳理晚清離常書寫的嘗試,釐清「離常」進入中國小說以後,首先造成醫治訴求對象從肉到靈的轉變,此後在中國寫情小說從才子佳人的團圓喜劇發展為哀情小說歷程中,「愛情地位的提高」以及「對永恆愛情的追求」導致了變態小說的出現。再者,在魯迅的《狂人日記》繼承了俄國瘋人書寫之後,不少作家起而效仿,寫作日記體的瘋人、狂人小說,又走出了和魯迅《狂人日記》的諷刺手法不同的瘋人諷刺之道。最後,精神病小說既開創新的表現形式又代敘整個時代的精神狀態與課題,本文在精神病小說中國化之際,看見不同階層處境中國知識份子受到的壓力有所差異、所擁有的想望亦不相同。三大類別的離常書寫共同開創了新的話語空間,使現代的情欲、時事譏刺、苦悶因此獲得特殊的抒發與交流方式。 Upon browsing through the Late-Qing and early Republican fictions, we can find out that some of them are depicting characters with body illness, insanity and neurotic personality, such as Shi'e Lu’s Medical Community Mirror, Shoujuan Zhou’s Deep Under West Lake, Lu Xun’s Madman's Diary and Dafu Yu’s Sinking. These fictions illustrate abnormal characters in ways that are different from Chinese traditional fictions, and further developed into a solid method of depicting abnormal in the 1930s. Body illness, insanity, and neurotic personality are all labels that distinguish characters from ‘normal’. Thus, under what circumstances and social environment are these characters created? How are these abnormal figures illustrated and put on the other side of normal? What are the authors going to express by creating an abnormal character, since once the character is said to be abnormal, the character is put to a unique discourse position? The thesis digs into the abnormal fictions written before 1930 and discusses abnormal fictions in three categories: necrophilia, insanity, and neurotic personality. Characters with necrophilia indicate the figures generated from Chinese traditional fictions and influenced by fin-de siècle and new perspective of ‘love’ from the West; insanity refers to the psychopathic fictions that were said to be or entitled a madman’s diary, under impact of Russian fictions related to insanity and psychopath; fictions featuring neurotic personality are those new fictions transferred from Japanese psychopathic fictions. From the investigation of this thesis, it came clear that resulting from the Conflict of Eastern and Western Culture, the body image shown in fictions was a graduate modification from Chinese traditional body with new relationship between human and environment, to human magnetism and dismemberment as the border of (ab)normal. Then, in the progress of fin-de siècle and new perspective of ‘love’ coming into China, because of the anxiety toward ‘romantic love’ as a new type of sense, necrophilia has come into sight. Insanity writings show that with the same type and topic as Russian fiction, Chinese writers have developed their own satirical insanity writings. Lastly, as a brand-new type of Chinese fiction, neurotic personality fictions transferred neurotic personality into a way of representing the anguish of modern people. In fictionizing the abnormal in the late Qing and early Republican China, we can see the pressure of modern society placed on people in different social classes, and how people respond to the pressure in their ways. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/71315 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202004026 |
Fulltext Rights: | 有償授權 |
Appears in Collections: | 中國文學系 |
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U0001-1808202020231300.pdf Restricted Access | 8.39 MB | Adobe PDF |
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