漢語飲食詞彙「吃」作為情慾隱喻的歷時性探討

Abstract

本論文接續前人對於漢語飲食詞彙隱喻相關研究，探討漢語情慾相關的詞彙隱喻來源與使用時機，討論範圍限縮在進食動詞「吃」作為源域(SOURCE DOMAIN)的情慾隱喻。除動詞「吃」之外，其搭配相關的受事者(PATIENT)論元的用法亦是討論重點。本研究對照語料庫與BBS網路語料，梳理漢語中此類詞彙的歷時性以及在現代漢語中其語法結構與語意的對照。研究方法採取歷時研究法以及語料庫分析法，詞彙資料來源以中國古典文學文本為始，上至秦漢經典、隋唐詩歌，下至明清著名世情小說《金瓶梅》歸納上古至近代漢語中情慾隱喻與對應情慾的進食隱喻詞彙應用。並以《金瓶梅》為主要的古典語料來源；同時對照現代語料，包含語料庫語料與BBS網路語料，語料庫採用台灣中央研究院平衡語料庫、近代漢語語料庫、聯合新聞知識庫、臺灣新聞智慧網。 BBS網路語料採集時間歷時一年，並以其中的呈現出的高頻詞彙為主要分析的重點，與前述歷史語料和語料庫語料進行對照分析。綜觀以上資料，發現「吃」作為情慾直接隱喻的比例上升，受事者(PATIENT) 的用法也與社會價值觀密切相關。

Accroding to the previous studies on metaphor of the “Verb of Eating” in Chinese Language.We found out that there only few research focus on the connection between “Lust metaphor” with the Verb “Eating” in Chinese. The aim of the study is to explore the Pragmatic source and usages of this kind of metaphors, “Eating” as a source domain in lust metaphor that exist in our lives. Diachronic research method and the corpus analyses method were used in this study to induce semantic resources and explain semantic relation mapping system.. The corpora data sources are as follows: Chinese literature pieces from Han to the Qing Dynasties,and the data was collected as it remain pragmatically related to the theme “Lust” first down to the classic novel 'Jin Ping Mei' in the Ming Dynasties, summarizing the metaphorical vocabulary of the lust metaphor and the corresponding lust in the ancient Chinese to modern Chinese. Then the following resource came from Modern corpus: By using corpora such as NCCU Corpus of Spoken Taiwan Mandarin, Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese, Taiwan Smart News Web and Udn News.com. To be more focus on the modern language that is vividly in use in Taiwanese Mandarin speakers, the Internet community is also been tested. BBS, which is Taiwan's largest anonymous online discussion platform, by collecting data date from October to December 2016, taking its easily obtaining and saving feature of words. Looking at the above information, it is found that the proportion of 'eating' as a direct metaphor of eroticism rises, and the usage of the subject is also closely related to social values.