大數據與競爭法

Abstract

大數據對於數位經濟之發展扮演不可或缺的角色，而作為箇中典型的數位平台，其商業模式更高度仰賴個人資料的收集與利用。本文從大數據的特性及大數據生態系的概覽出發，探討市場參與者間的互動關係及資料對競爭的重要性；並從隱私與競爭優勢此二面向分析與資料相關的損害理論：就提升隱私保護的目的而言，競爭法並非最適合處理隱私問題的制度選擇；而在資料相關的競爭優勢，有別於傳統上認為數位市場進入障礙低、抑或大數據隨處可得的說法，資料實際上可能構成進入障礙。對於大數據相關的反競爭行為，既有之競爭法分析工具需加以調整。

Big data plays an integral role in the rapid development of digital economy, the predominant type of which, digital platform, is characterized with the business models based on the collection and exploitation of personal data. This thesis explores the characteristics of big data and big data ecosystem, the market dynamics and the significance of data for competition. With regard to data-related theories of harm, two aspects of big data can be analyzed: as to the strengthening of privacy protection, competition law is ill-suited to address privacy concerns; as to data-related competitive advantage, contrary to the orthodox arguments purporting inherently low entry barriers in digital markets and ubiquitousness of big data, entry barriers created by big data can be high. Existing competition analysis tools, while being supple enough, should be modified to tackle data-related anti-competitive conducts.