日本毒品施用者之貫穿式更生保護研究

Abstract

本論文是針對日本的毒品施用者的貫穿式更生保護制度進行研究。日本在第二次世界大戰之後，隨著毒品問題逐漸嚴重，開始一系列針對毒品的管制。特別是在覺醒劑的施用上，自戰後至今，更有三次的覺醒劑濫用期。然而，第三次濫用期至2000年左右，移送人數與設施內收容人數卻仍無法有效控制。日本政府也開始針對各階段的處遇進行改革。 在簡單介紹日本毒品問題的歷史與背景之後，接著以日本近年來所導入之一部緩刑制度重大變革，說明其制度、內涵與意義。進而，針對一部緩刑制度之導入，日本在設施內與社會內處遇的各階段處遇當中，又進行了哪些變革，並且導入哪些制度，將是本文研究的重心。 之後，本文對於日本近來所建構的的相關制度與架構，進行分析與批判。在各階段的處遇，仍是以監督與管理作為處遇內涵的核心，並未真正考量當事人的福祉需求與支援，也未以社會復歸的目標，作為處遇真正的目的。另外，近來有學說強調處遇主體同意權的重要性，但本文認為此項概念並無法解決相關問題。最後，本文以對於不斷驅使藥物政策嚴罰化的民意壓力，應如何面對作為最後結尾。

Abstract This paper aims at studying the through-care system for drug users in Japan. After the World War II, Japan began a series of drug regulation as the drug problem became more serious. Especially in the use of Stimulants, there are three Stimulants-abusing-period since WWII. However, the number of arrest people and inmates still can not be effectively controlled when the third Stimulants-abusing-period (Around 2000 A.C.). The Japanese government has also begun to reform the treatment of each stage. After a brief of the history and background of the drug problem in Japan, this paper explains the meaning of major change in the partly suspended sentence in recent years. This paper focuses on the changes and influences caused by this new system to Japan's institutional and community treatment. Then, this article analyzes and criticizes the related systems and structures. At all stages of the treatment, supervision and management are still the core. They do not really consider the welfare needs and support of the drug user concerned. They also do not regard the goal of rehabilitation into society as the real purpose of encountering. Recently, there are theories emphasizing the importance of the subject's right of informed consent, but this paper does not consider this concept to be able to solve the related problems. In the end, this paper makes a conclusion that how to face the pressure of public opinion on the punitive attitude of drug policies.