有關台灣日語學習者日語發音之考察

Abstract

台灣的日語學習者在課堂上學習時是以共通語的東京式口音為中心，但是，要說出跟日語母語話者一樣穩定的腔調、口音並非容易。我們可以看到先行研究中有許多文獻是探討台灣日語學習者的口音，但大多數將焦點集中在學習者之發音現象。若想要完整地了解台灣日語學習者之口音現象，不僅從發音來探討，也需從聽力、閱讀來做解釋。本研究將透過音調之標注能力、音調之聽取分辨能力、音調之發音能力來探討台灣日語學習者之口音的現象。 本研究之結論為以下四點：（１）關於音調之標注能力，台灣人日語學習者的不一致現象集中在「低高低」重音型的中高型以及尾高型。並且在閱讀時會傾向標注為平板型。（２）關於音調之聽取分辨能力，隨著拍數的增加，台灣日語學習者較容易產生不一致現象。並且得知，聽力為發音的最低必要條件。（３）關於音調之發音能力，結果與標注能力相近，台灣人日語學習者的不一致現象集中在「低高低」重音型的中高型以及尾高型。並且在發音時會傾向唸成平板型。（４）在重音標注、聽取分辨、發音三者的關聯性方面，「發音與重音標注」的回答傾向相互有關聯性。「發音與聽力」的回答傾向雖然有關聯性但是並非顯著。「重音標注與聽力」之間的關聯性薄弱。

Many students study Japanese in Taiwan. However, many typical problems are commonly found in their pronunciation. It is observed that the students’ Japanese accent is unstable in both words and sentences when learning Japanese. In this study, Taiwanese students’ Japanese pronunciation in rhythms and accents are analyzed. It is found that the unstable Japanese accent especially is a common problem when Taiwanese students study Japanese. In methodology, three of the features, the writing of accent, the listening comprehension, and the accent pronunciation, are all individually paired up with accent to investigate their individual association with it. Furthermore, I compare all of the four features mentioned above to further investigate how they are relevant to one another. Past research mainly focused on analyzing one of the features to compare with accent in Taiwan. However, the three of the features compared with accent at the same time in hope of finding the relevance to one another haven’t been explored. Consequently, the overall problem of Taiwanese students’ unique accent can’t be well-explained by previous research in the field. The thesis findings are shown as below. 1. In the writing of accent: Two types of the accent errors that Taiwanese students commonly make in the pair are shown as below. a) Pattern of Japanese accent with the rising and then falling pitch. b) Pattern of Japanese accent with the last Mora high and the succeeding particle low. 2. In the listening comprehension: When the word Mora increases, the error rate will increase as well. 3. In the pronunciation of accent: Two types of the accent errors that Taiwanese students commonly make in the pair are shown as below. a) Pattern of Japanese accent with the rising and then falling pitch. b) Pattern of Japanese accent with the last Mora high and the succeeding particle low. Same analysis results appear in pair 1 and 3. 4. Associations among writing, listening, pronunciation, and accent are shown. It is found that the writing of accent and the pronunciation of accent are associated. However, the writing of accent and the listening of accent are not. Meanwhile, the pronunciation of accent and the listening of accent are associated as well. However, when Taiwanese students easily make some mistakes in some patterns of this pair, the association between the two is not strong.