對競爭同僚的嫉妒：探討對方能力與關係的影響效果

Abstract

在日常生活中，嫉妒感是種常見的心理感受，而回顧過往的研究發現愛情嫉妒廣受討論，但社會比較嫉妒卻少有研究，因此，本論文主要針對社會比較嫉妒方面，對組織中的個人之個人嫉妒傾向與其嫉妒行為的關連性做一探討，並以競爭對手的能力與背景關係當作干擾變項，來進一步探討個人嫉妒傾向與其嫉妒行為間的關係使否受其影響。 本研究以個人為研究對象，以情境問卷調查之研究方式，共計302位受測者，並透過統計分析方法，檢驗所提假設。並於事後檢定，將嫉妒行為透過因素分析，分成五個行為群組：積極超越、支持安慰、表面和諧、冷淡疏遠、惡意中傷，再探討個人嫉妒傾向與每個行為群組間的關連性。 研究結果顯示，個人嫉妒傾向與嫉妒行為呈顯著正相關，其中個人嫉妒傾向與積極超越、冷淡疏遠和惡意中傷此三項行為群組也具有顯著正相關。而競爭對手能力則對個人嫉妒傾向與其整體嫉妒行為不具干擾效果；不過卻對冷淡疏遠此行為群組具有正向干擾效果。又，與所提假說預期相反，競爭對手背景關係則為個人嫉妒傾向與其整體嫉妒行為具有負向干擾效果，表示當對方沒有背景關係時，個人嫉妒傾向較容易對對方引發嫉妒行為；而競爭對手背景關係也對冷淡疏遠此項行為群組具有負向干擾效果，在對方沒有背景關係時，個人嫉妒傾向較容易引發此項行為。本研究發現可以提供吾人進一步探討社會比較嫉妒的參考。

In daily life, jealousy is a common feeling. While romantic jealousy has been widely discussed in past researches, social comparison jealousy has received less concern. Thus, this study drew upon social comparison jealousy and examined the connection between individual jealousy tendency and his/her Jealousy behavior in organizations. Moreover, I investigated whether the ability and the Guanxi of the competitor as moderators of the above relationship. The study used a scenario-based questionnaire survey, with 302 respondents, to analyze statistically the relationship between jealousy tendency and Jealousy behavior. Also, through a post-hoc factorial analysis, Jealousy behavior was categorized into five dimensions: Proactive Behavior, Social Support-seeking/ Comfort-seeking Behavior, Harmony Maintaining Behavior, Alienating Behavior, Incivil Behavior. I then analyzed the relationship between individual jealousy tendency and each dimension of Jealousy behavior. The study results showed that individual jealousy tendency was positively related to the overall score of Jealousy behaviors and to the dimensions of Proactive Behavior, Alienating Behavior, and Incivil Behavior. While the competitor’s ability did not have a moderation effect on the jealousy tendency-coping behavior relationship, it did produce a positive moderation effect on the jealousy tendency-Alienating Behavior relationship. Furthermore, contrary to my hypothesis, the competitor’s guanxi had a negative moderation effect on the tendency-coping behavior relationship, meaning that when the competitor did not have strong guanxi, individual jealousy tendency would lead to Jealousy behavior. Specifically, when the competitor did not have strong guanxi, individual jealousy tendency would lead to more Alienating Behavior. This study finding may be useful for future research in social comparison jealousy.