宮澤賢治童話當中之音樂性 ─以德布西/貝多芬之投影為例─

Abstract

本論文藉由探討日本作家宮澤賢治的四部童話作品〈橡果與山貓〉、〈波拉農廣場〉、〈大提琴手高斯〉與〈銀河鐵道之夜〉當中之音樂性，提出研究賢治文學的新視點。 賢治熱愛音樂，尤其對西洋古典音樂情有獨鍾。〈橡果與山貓〉當中所描繪的自然觀，和西洋古典音樂史上印象樂派代表作曲家德步西之「印象主義」有著異曲同工之妙。〈波拉農廣場〉反映了羅須地人協會時代，賢治對音樂等藝術所抱持的期待，以及將藝術與生活結合的實踐過程。〈大提琴手高斯〉與〈銀河鐵道之夜〉同為賢治晚年的作品，賢治「追求全人類的幸福」的願望，與流淌於作品當中樂聖貝多芬的音樂所蘊含之偉大的「人類愛」精神相互呼應。 以上四部童話作品，反映了賢治對於理想鄉的憧憬、實踐、失意，以及克服挫折後所領悟到的人生解答，此一連串的心路歷程。在此一過程中，賢治始終認為，為了實現心目中的理想鄉，能夠帶給人們精神上幸福感的音樂是不可或缺的。因此藉由分析音樂表層（曲式、架構等）與深層（作曲背景、作曲家所欲傳達之訊息等）要素所帶給賢治的影響如何反映在其文學表現上，相信將能發現與以往不同的賢治像。

By discussing musicality in the four fairy tales of the Japanese writer Kenji Miyazawa-- Wildcat and the Acorns, Pollanno Square, Gauche the Cellist, and Night on the Milky Way Train, this research proposed the new perspectives of Kenji literature. Kenji was passionate for music, and particularly loved western classical music. The concept of nature depicted in Wildcat and the Acorns is similar to that of 'impressionism' in the impressionistic representative composer, Debussy, in history of western classical music. Pollanno Square reflects Kenji's expectation on art like music and the process of his integrating art and living in Time of Rasuchijin Society. Gauche the Cellist and Night on the Milky Way Train are both works in Kenji's late years. Kenji's wish to 'pursue happiness of all mankind' corresponds to the spirit of the great 'love of mankind' implied in Sage of Music, Beethoven's music flowing in the works. The four fairy tales above have mirrored the process of Kenji's mental journey-- his yearning, practice, depression of Ihatov, and his final illumination of the answer to life after overcoming frustrations. In process of this journey, Kenji had always been considering that in order carry out Ihatov in his mind, music that could bring a sense of happiness in spirit was indispensible. As a result, by analyzing surface music (musical form, music structure, and etc) and deep music (composing background, the message the composer meant to deliver, and so on) elements that have influenced Kenji's performance on literature, the researcher believes a new image of Kenji different from the past can be found in this study.