越境與跨界的記者�作家──司馬桑敦及其作品研究

Abstract

本論文以二十世紀臺灣重要的記者�作家司馬桑敦為研究對象，旨在透過對其生平的梳理及其作的總整與分析，令這位在臺灣文學史上尚未為人周知的作家能進入當代臺灣研究視野，也為現今學界提供觀看五○年代以降文學史更豐富的可能性。 司馬桑敦，1918年生於遼寧金州，1949年隨軍來臺，曾任海軍官校教官與國民黨中央委員會組員，1954年因公赴日並為《聯合報》撰寫稿件，自此擔任《聯合報》駐日特派員達二十三年。做為一名記者，其已然聲譽赫赫，但身為一名作家，他卻未得到與其文學成就相應的關注，而這兩種身分之間，更同時存在著互滲與游移的可能；為此，本論文的重心便在於處理司馬桑敦在新聞與文學之間的書寫位置，藉由對現有生平資料及一生創作的總整理，冀能突顯出司馬桑敦不僅生平經歷多次遷移，在寫作位置上亦跨足多重領域的特色。另外，在五○年代即以小說創作嶄露頭角的司馬桑敦，其小說作品中蘊含著對戰亂與歷史的深刻反思，特別在臺灣文學史以「反共文學」為框架的時代，其《山洪暴發的時候》與《野馬傳》勾勒出在當代政府方針之外，以知識分子個人立場所觀察的另一種真實，賦予現今臺灣戰後文學史更多元的解讀方式。最後，由於司馬桑敦不論在生平與作品上都與國民黨有著難解的轇轕，本論文所將呈顯的，並不僅僅是單一個案的研究成果，也涉及了當代文學場域與政治勢力的斡旋與共構。

This thesis aims to research the experiences and works of Ssu Ma Sang-Tun, who is not only a well-known correspondent of United Daily News, but also a literary author in 20th century. Through collecting and analyzing the whole works of Ssu Ma Sang-Tun, including novels, proses, essays and reportages, I defined this author as a ‘territories-crosser,’ which marked both his diasporal experience and various writing. Ssu Ma Sang-Tun was engaged in literary, historical, and news writing. These writing identities sometimes excluded each other, but sometimes assimilated instead. By analyzing and comparing his works in different territories, this thesis exhibits the diversity of this author. This thesis is divided into two main parts. In the first two chapters, I introduced the general aspects of Ssu Ma Sang-Tun, which were based on the related researches in Taiwan, China and Japan. In the chapter 3 and 4, I focused on his literary contexts, particularly novels and proses. Although he did not write many novels–the main work “The Wild Mare” cannot even publish in Taiwan because of being prohibited by KMT government–each did reveal the introspections of Taiwanese intellectuals in 1950s. Besides, His proses displayed the multiple perspectives from his diasporal experience. Those works carried abundant features of the author’s opinions, and also reflected the opposing view from the Anti-Communism period in Taiwanese literary history.