「不滿表現」及其「不滿對應」之研究

Abstract

所謂不滿表現，係指當發話者遇到令人不悅的狀況，因對造成此狀況的對象抱持著不滿，而向對方所採取的言語行動及非言語行動。此種行為容易造成對方負擔，不僅是威脅對方立場之face侵害行為，也可說是一種極有可能破壞人際關係的高難度言語行動。因此，該如何選擇不滿表現的語言策略，方能維繫良好的人際關係，值得深入探討。 本研究針對日本大學生及台灣大學生之不滿表現進行調查，探討當不滿的程度上升，台日大學生的不滿表現及其對應之語言策略將如何變化。本研究以20多歲的日本大學生和台灣大學生為研究對象，以談話完成測驗（Discourse Completion Test）的方式進行問卷調查，分析答案中的語言策略，進一步釐清日本和台灣之不滿表現及其對應方式之策略異同。 調查結果顯示，隨著不滿程度升高，日本大學生傾向選擇【解決問題之理性策略】來表達不滿。而回應方感受到對方不滿程度之變化，也會回應對方要求，選擇【改變事態之策略】。 另一方面，隨著不滿程度升高，台灣大學生除了傾向於選擇【解決問題之理性策略】來表達不滿，選擇【明顯表露不滿情緒，無法解決問題之非理性策略】來表達不滿的台灣大學生明顯較日本大學生為多。而回應不滿的一方一旦感受到對方不滿的情緒的變化，部分台灣大學生會因應對方要求，選擇【改變事態之策略】；部分台灣大學生則會回應對方的非理性策略，選擇【逃避責任之策略】。

So-called performance of dissatisfaction refers to the speaker encounters a disagreeable situation so as to hold dissatisfaction towards the subject that arouses such condition, and generate the verbal and non-verbal behaviors. Such behaviors, which tend to create burdens on the opposite part, are not only “Face-Threatening Act, FTA” that threaten his or her position, but also verbal actions with high complexity that may destroy human relationship. As a result, how to choose the linguistic strategy for responding to performance of dissatisfaction to maintain good human relationship is worthy of further exploration. In this research, we conducted performance of dissatisfaction survey on the university students in Japan and Taiwan to discuss Japan and Taiwan university students’ performance of dissatisfaction. Besides, we probed into the change in exerting the corresponding linguistic strategy when the degree of dissatisfaction rises. By taking the Japan university students and Taiwan university students in their twenties as the research subjects, this research implemented questionnaire survey by “Discourse Completion Test”. Then, the linguistic strategy in the answers were analyzed to further clarify the similarities and differences in performance of dissatisfaction and the corresponding strategy selected by Japan and Taiwan university students, respectively. According to the investigation results, it is found that with the degree of dissatisfaction rises, Japan university students as the speaker tended to choose “the rational strategy for problem solving” to express their dissatisfaction. Besides, when the response party felt the change in the speaker’s dissatisfaction degree, he or she would respond to the request by choosing “the strategy to change the situation”. On the other hand, as dissatisfaction degree rose, in addition to selecting “the rational strategy for problem solving” to express their dissatisfaction, the number of Taiwan university students that chose “the irrational strategy to express the dissatisfactory emotions without solving the problem” is more than that of Japan university students. When the response party sensed the change in the speaker’s dissatisfactory emotion, part of Taiwan university students reacted to his or her request by selecting “the strategy to change the situation”, while others responded to the speaker’s irrational strategy by choosing “the strategy to evade the responsibility”.