媒介與自白──賴香吟文學中的個人和國族研究

Abstract

本研究發想以賴香吟出版於2012年的長篇小說《其後それから》，旨在討論這一小說顯示的，複雜非常的認同形構過程。首先，將《其後》置放在賴香吟創作史的脈絡底下，一方面指出它標誌「從憂鬱到哀悼」轉換的里程碑意義；另一方面則援用媒介理論的視角，對於致使賴陷入憂鬱的「邱妙津──賴香吟」連結加以觀察，而更加立體地顯示出，賴香吟的自我和性別認同受到作為臺灣女同性戀社群重要符號的邱妙津，如何的影響。繼而則是考察《其後》複雜的互文性。本研究首先認為，此一小說夾雜以明引暗含，涉及自我和他人作品的紛繁互文性，具有「憶往」以及「超越憂鬱」的敘述功能；次之藉分析與日本現代文學的互文性，細繹分梳在前行的討論裡，存在爭議的《其後》是否為小說的構造形式問題，而更進一步浮映出箇中自我認同的指向和游移。最後的部分，本研究延伸以「學運」、「女性」和「日治時期記憶」三個解嚴後臺灣文學文化場域重要的範疇與概念，嘗試把前兩章聚焦在賴香吟個案所得的結果，放置在一個比較宏觀的社會脈絡中加以觀照；而此一觀照卒而將照見賴文學裡「女兒──父親──國族」的連結圖式。本研究認為，賴香吟的自白小說在華語語系文學史上是一新穎的、殊異的形式──其自白不再能夠收束於單一認同的消失點，而呈現以多元認同的並存、或者糾葛；而它所顯示出的，個人認同的踟躕與模稜，其實和臺灣國族認同難以確立的渾沌情況既交錯、亦疊映。

This presenting thesis initiates with discussions of the complicated formation of identity(ies) in Lai Xiang-Yin’s 2012 novel And Then, trying to expand the argumentation of identity politics by juxtaposing Lai’s literary works and social contexts of Post-Martial Law Taiwan. The first section of this thesis would focus on the formation of self- and sexual identity of Lai in And Then, in terms of her relationship with Chiu Miao-Jin, an indispensable icon for lesbian community in Taiwan. Situated among Lai’s writing, And Then is a landmark for Lai, signifying transformation from melancholy to mourning when speaking of Lai-Chiu relationship, the cause of Lai’s melancholy; and, in light of media theory, this section also aims at showing the implication of such transformation, and also elucidating how Lai’s self- and sexual identity is affected by Chiu. The second section of this thesis explicates the complicated intertextuality in And Then. This section indicates that the intertwining inter-textual references in the narrative, including both works by her own and by others, functions as a means of recollecting the past and surpassing melancholy. Furthermore, by analyzing its textual reference to modern Japanese literature, this section also discusses the debate over whether And Then counts as a novel, and the discussion on the debate would further reflect the direction and instability of Lai’s self-identity. Finally, based on discussions in previous sections the last section of this thesis tries to situate Lai’s works, along with previous discussions, in a larger contemporary social context, in terms of three major issues in literary and cultural fields in post-Martial Law Taiwan: student movements, feminist movements, and cultural memories of Japanese Colonial Period. This thesis indicates that And Then in effect forms a paradigm of the “daughter—father—nation” connection, and further argues that the confessional form in Lai’s fiction stand out as a distinctive innovation in sinophone literary history, in that these confessions cannot be induced to a vanishing point, a single identity, but shows the juxtaposition and entanglement of multiple identities. Such ambivalence and undecidedness of self-identity shown in And Then in fact resonates with national identity in Taiwan, still undecided and hardly settled.