鉛酸液流電池元件與材料開發、 電化學檢測暨規模化研究

Abstract

此論文所探討的重點著重於大型儲能裝置-鉛酸液流電池的研究與初步規模化及元件開發。希望能藉由本研究開發出低成本的大型儲能裝置，進而大眾化該產品。讓住家和工廠藉由智慧電網和鉛酸液流電池裝置的整合，達成調節供電量與用電量的差異，以更有效利用能源。 本研究著重於鉛酸液流電池的正負極材料開發以及添加劑的應用，研發出可承受高電流密度的電極以及延長循環充放電壽命次數，讓鉛酸液流電池最終能夠規模化。我們發現，正極材料使用自製石墨板、負極使用鎳板能得到較佳的電池性能，而加入十六烷基三甲銨和氟化鈉添加劑則分別能解決負極產物鉛枝晶和改善正極表面二氧化鉛附著及氧氣生成的情形發生。最後，我們在正極表面鍍上一層β-PbO2能夠避免副產物氧氣的產生，達成延長電池能夠長時間循環的效果。以能量效率50%以上為基準，該表面改質電極長時間循環充放電次數約為140次左右，比起選用為標準的商用碳複合電極的100次高出許多，可以發現本研究做出最適化的電極材料及前處理能夠有效的延長電極循環的壽命。

This thesis focuses on material and component development and system expansion of a lead acid redox flow battery, a promising large scale energy storage device. We aim to reduce the cost of this energy storage device, so as to facilitate its commercialization. Through integration of power grid and the developed energy storage device, we expect to achieve better load leveling and efficient energy utilization. In this research we concentrated on materials development, electrochemical analyses, additives study, and system expansion for a lead acid redox flow battery. With this research effort, the electrodes are found to be able to endure higher current density and cyclability of the battery is extended. Better battery performance is achieved by using graphite electrode as the positive electrode, nickel plate as the negative electrode, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxide as the leveling agent to prevent the growing of lead dendrite, and sodium fluoride as the surface smoother to restrain oxygen evolution. In order to further reduce formation of oxygen on the positive electrode, a layer of β-PbO2 is pre-deposited on the positive electrode before cycling. We found this pretreatment extends the cycle life of the battery to 140 times and maintains the energy efficiency at above 50%, which is much better than a reference system with commercialized composite carbon electrode utilized in fuel cell systems.