CMOS射頻與生醫系統電路

Abstract

物聯網(IOT)的議題已經逐漸被重視，範圍在消費性電子產品、居家智慧生活和遙控醫療照護，整合行動通訊和網際網路等系統，物聯網需要低功率的射頻和生醫電路，在本論文中，低功率消耗電路技術被研究用在射頻和生醫電路，射頻電路在傳輸高速資料通常消耗大量的功率，人體的生醫植入電路需要低功率消耗的電路增加使用壽命，才可以減少再次做植入手術的狀況，本論文使用一些技術，電路在低功率消耗的狀態下還有好的能力，本論文設計的電路用在射頻和生醫，射頻電路有2.4 ~ 6 GHz寬頻低雜訊放大器、2.4 GHz循環器和V-band (57.2 ~ 65.8 GHz) 鏡像消除接收機前端電路，生醫電路有MICS-band (402 ~ 405 MHz) OOK/FSK接收機和10 MHz電解氣泡推動之無線給電遙控移動晶片。 2.4 ~ 6 GHz寬頻低雜訊放大器使用LC負載再利用的技術達成寬頻，再使用高線性度技術讓電路保持好的線性度(IIP3)，IIP3是-3.9 ~ -1.9 dBm。2.4 GHz循環器使用電流再利用和可調整訊號消除技術達成了低功率、高發射器接收器隔離度和小晶片面積，隔離度是68 dB，功率消耗是1.5 mW，晶片面積是0.62 mm2。V-band前端電路使用高速自動喚醒和增益控制技術，若沒有無線訊號電路休息，功率消耗是19 mW，若有無線訊號會自動喚醒電路，功率消耗是46 mW，若無線訊號振幅過大自動調整增益和輸入線性度(IP1dB)，IP1dB是-22.5 ~ -25.2 dBm，電路使用小晶片面積的被動相位移耦合器和混頻器實現鏡像消除，鏡像消除率是32 dB，晶片面積是0.82 mm2。MICS-band OOK/FSK接收機使用自動喚醒、線性度、次諧波混頻和低截止電壓技術，電路休息的功率消耗是129 μW，電路喚醒的功率消耗是352 μW。10 MHz電解氣泡推動之無線給電遙控移動晶片可以在人體中移動，利用無線給電提供能量控制晶片，電解的氣泡可以讓晶片在電解液移動速率是 0.3 mm/s，功率消耗是207.4 μW和180 μW。

Recently, internet of things (IOT), including consumer electronics, smart home, and telemedicine, is important. IOT integrating communications and internets needs low-power radio-frequency (RF) and biomedical products. In this dissertation, several low-power techniques have been developed for RF and biomedical circuits for extending enough battery life. And degrading circuit performances resulting from the low-power techniques have also been resolved in the following sections. The RF circuits include a 2.4 ~ 6 GHz wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA), a 2.4 GHz quasi-circulator, and a V-band (57.2 ~ 65.8 GHz) image-reject receiver front-end. The biomedical circuits include a MICS-band (402 ~ 405 MHz) OOK/FSK receiver, and a 10-MHz remotely-controlled locomotive IC driven by electrolytic bubbles and wireless powering. The LNA uses the LC load-reusing and multiple-gated techniques with IIP3 of -3.9 ~ -1.9 dBm and a power consumption of 6 mW. The quasi-circulator uses a current-reuse technique and adjustable signal cancellation. The measured isolation from transmitter to receiver, |S31|, is 68 dB with a power consumption of 1.5 mW and a chip size of 0.62 mm2. The V-band receiver front-end with high-speed auto wake-up and gain controls varies power consumptions depending on the input RF signal power. The measured power consumptions are 19 mW and 46mW, respectively. IP1dB also can be adjusted between −25.2 dBm and −22.5 dBm. The measured image-reject ratio (IRR) is greater than 32 dB. The chip size is 0.82 mm2. The MICS-band OOK-FSK receiver uses wake-up, multiple-gated, subharmonic-mixing, and body-forward-biasing techniques with measured power consumptions of 129 μW and 352 μW, respectively. The locomotive IC can move on electrolyte with a speed up to 0.3 mm/s with power consumption of 207.4 μW and 180μW, respectively.