『啟蒙/載道』與『東洋意識』──論日治前期台灣儒學的兩個面向

Abstract

本論文探究主題為日治前期台灣儒學，以崇文社文集與台灣民報社論中的儒學相關論述為研究材料，並綜合乙未前後台灣與日本的儒學樣貌，以及彼時的政治與文化背景，勾勒、釐清日治前期台灣儒學具有怎樣的時代性變化。清領時期的台灣儒學以朱子學為主，透過科舉制度的推波助瀾，台灣地方社會形成具有相當儒學素養的文教社會。日本方面，德川到明治後的日本儒學，特別是其中關於道德、倫理之部分，則成為近代天皇國體論的重要構成。日治時期的台灣社會，先是受到日本殖民帶來的各種現代物質文明的洗禮，繼而傳統儒學場域也受到衝擊。文人對儒學的認識，已不再只是漢人文化的精粹，而加進了日本儒學帶來的養分。崇文社文集與台灣民報社論，在許多篇章中皆顯示出日本儒學對台灣的影響。但本論文不將其絕對地視為殖民地結構中的認同傾斜，而從歐風美雨對東洋傳統帶來的危機感去把握此一時代性變化。筆者認為此一時代特徵可以儒學的東洋意識加以理解、認識。除此之外，知識分子在殖民地情境下，以儒學話語進行對統治者的批判、對殖民地資本主義的針砭，以及對封建陋習的改正，亦使得日治台灣儒學在東洋意識之外，兼有啟蒙與載道的效力。日治時期的台灣儒學，即使承襲了清領時期的儒學傳統，並受到日本近代儒學的影響，但最終並非完全失去自身面目，反而在相對於西洋的東洋傳統中，找到不同於日本及中國的定位。

The theme of this thesis is the discussion of Taiwan Confucianism in early Japanese ruled period. The main texts are from Chung Wen group and The Taiwan Minpow. Comparing both of them with the Taiwanese Confucianism and Japanese one in 19th century,I attempt to realize the significance of the change about Taiwanese Confucianism in early Japanese ruled period.In Qing dynasty, Taiwanese Confucianism could be described as the theoretical knowledge of Zhu Xi. It transformed Taiwan society into a Confucian one. On the other hand, in Meiji period, the Confucianism in Japan got morphed and developed the new theory for nationalism. After 1895, Taiwan was colonized and capitalized under the rule of JapanEmpire. The cognition of Confucianism for literati was also gradually changed in this period.The influence of Japanese Confucianism was obvious in many discourses made by Chung Wen group and The Taiwan Minpow. I intend not to regard thisphenomenon as a negative change of identity but a new consciousness of East Asia in 20th century, which should be read as a sense of crisis for the Western culture instead of only a result of colonization. In the end, I try to pinpoint that Taiwan literati still held their position in this new East Asia consciousness.