台灣食用油中3-單氯丙二醇酯與氯含量之關聯性

Abstract

世界衛生組織癌症研究署(International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC) 於2013年將3-單氯丙二醇(3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol , 3-MCPD)歸類為「Group 2B」-對人類懷疑為致癌物，德國聯邦風險評估所(Bundesinstitut f&uuml;r Risikobewertung, BfR)，在2008年假設在人體3-MCPD-E水解程度為100%，且基於3-MCPD現有毒性報告，進行風險評估，歐洲食品安全局(European Food Safety Authority, EFSA)，也認同此假設，因此，在現有文獻下，3-MCPD-E毒性評估與3-MCPD相同。本研究以GC/MS 分析食用油中3-MCPD-E含量，及IC分析食用油中無機氯含量，並進行方法確效，無論再現性、重複性及準確性均良好。本研究共調查市售29件食用油，以及各種精煉階段棕櫚油31件。發現植物油中，3-MCPD-E含量依高低排列分別為棕櫚油(4.72 μg/g)>葵花油(1.31 μg/g)>大豆油(0.44 μg/g) >芥花油(0.22 μg/g)>紅花籽油(0.19 μg/g)>玉米胚芽油(0.18 μg/g) >苦茶油(0.11 μg/g)，動物油及其類似產品的部分，加鹽奶油(11.15~7.35 μg/g)>瑪琪琳(5.52 μg/g)>無鹽奶油(< 0.02 μg/g)>豬油(< 0.01 μg/g)，由於奶油不需高溫精煉，因此3-MCPD-E可能有低溫生成路徑。PCA分析發現植物油中總氯含量與3-MCPD-E呈現高度正相關，無機氯與3-MCPD-E為低度負相關。動物油及其類似產品無機氯則與3-MCPD-E呈現高度正相關。觀察精煉階段棕櫚油中3-MCPD-E與氯消長，發現壓榨後棕櫚油原油中總氯為5.8 μg/g，其中無機氯為4.2 μg/g，但3-MCPD-E則為未檢出。當經過初次精煉後，原油中的總氯下降，且無機氯下降至定量極限以下(<0.25 μg/g)，而3-MCPD-E上升至2.88 μg/g，顯示無機氯確實與3-MCPD-E含量有關，另外發現，凡經二次精煉的棕櫚油，皆發現3-MCPD-E含量有顯著性的下降。

3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) has been classified as Group 2B, ‘‘possibly carcinogenic to humans’’ by the International Agency on Research on Cancer in 2013. In this study, analyzed the content of 3-MCPD-E of edible oils was determined by using GC / MS, and inorganic chloride content of edible oils was analyzed by using IC. Based on the content of 3-MCPD-E, palm oil (4.72 μg/g)> sunflower oil (1.31 μg/g)> soybean oil (0.44 μg/g)> canola oil (0.22 μg/g)> safflower oil (0.19 μg/g)> corn germ oil (0.18 μg/g)> camellia (0.11 μg/g). Nevertheless, among animal oil products, 3-MCPD-E contents of salted butter (11.15 ~ 7.35 μg/g) and margarine (5.52 μg/g) they were much greater than unsalted butter (<0.02 μg/g) and lard (<0.01 μg/g). Chlorine was found positively correlated with the 3-MCPD-E by using PCA analysis. Nevertheless, 3-MCPD-E in animal oil products (butter, margarine and lard) was positively correlated with inorganic chloride. There were 5.8 μg/g of chlorine amd 4.2 μg/g of inorganic chlorine in crude palm oil, but no 3-MCPD-E. Refining resulted in disappearance of inorganic chloride and occurrence of 3-MCPD-E (2.88 μg/g). The content of 3-MCPD-E was further lowered after second refining process. The data has shown that chloride is an important factor affectively the formation of 3-MCPD-E.