遺址保存的理論與現實：淺論《文化資產保存法》的考古規範

Abstract

考古遺址屬於全人類共有的文化資產，應該受到有關法律的規範與保護。 我國文化資產相關法規始於1930年，至今已有80餘年。從古物、古蹟到遺址，法律對考古學的規範漸趨完善。現行《文化資產保存法》以專章16條內文對遺址主管機關責任義務、遺址分級制度、列冊指定法律程序、發掘資格、工程發現遺址的停工義務等進行規範。然而，目前的法條內容多處與考古學理不相合，實務上甚至可能阻礙考古學保存研究工作的進行。 本文從筆者自身經驗出發，藉由過去實務操作的事件案例，點出幾個臺灣考古學正面臨的法規和實務困境，同時針對因應之道提出個人淺見。 筆者認為，要有效阻止頻繁發生的遺址破壞事件，短期急需制訂臨時法規範將所有考古遺址納入法律範疇，中程需對《文化資產保存法》內容及結構進行修訂，長程需推廣考古學的公共教育，引發民眾對考古學的興趣，增加對考古學及遺址的了解，進而認同遺址保存研究的價值。

Archaeological sites belong to all the peoples of the world. They should be regulate and protect by the laws. Cultural heritages’ law start from 1930s, in ROC. From antiquities, historic monuments to archaeological sites, regulation of the law for archaeology are becoming complete. Nowadays, “Cultural Heritage Preservation Act” have 16 articles about archaeology, duty of competent authority, classification of sites, record or designated and publicly declared procedures of sites, excavation qualifications, suspended and reported to administration when the site is under construction. However, some of current articles are inconsistent with archaeological concepts, even obstructed protection or research works in archaeology. This essay take some cases from me to raise some dilemma of law and actual manipulation, regarding some methods to deal with. In my opinion, to keep one from destroying archaeological sites, in the short term, we need temporary prescription to all sites in law. In the middle term, revising articles and structure of “Cultural Heritage Preservation Act”. In the long term, archaeological public education is the ultimate for protection work.