台灣環保標章政策演進與執行之探討-政策學習觀點

Abstract

全球化後，國家與府際間的相互學習日益普遍，過去政策學習理論的發現也因此慢慢的受到學者的重視。本文以台灣環保標章學習經驗做為個案分析，運用Dolowitz & Marsh及Bennett & Howlett的研究理論，並參酌自己的想法後做為整體研究架構分析方法，同時透過訪談相關主管部門、執行單位與專家學者，試圖去發現、記錄學習動機與過程，探討這樣的學習過程及對於政策的成效是否具有影響，希望藉由開啟政策學習理論與實務的探討，做為後續相關標章研究之基礎。 本文主要分析台灣環保標章的學習過程與運用，評估學習動機、政策內容、來源、模式及相關內部與外部限制如何影響政策決策與執行，藉由深入訪談透過研究架構探討環保標章發展時期各階段的政策取向與內容，最後從各個階段中發現整個政策學習的過程與紀錄。 本研究最後發現，雖然政策學習在環保標章政策中佔有相當大的影響，但如果政府對於政策優先度不足，執政者無法全力支持政策的發展，那麼就算政策決策者或執行者在政策學習過程中具有開放學習的心態可能也無法達到政策成效，並發揮其最大效用，使人民與政府同時藉著政策的發展獲利。因此政策的優先度與政策學習者雙方對政策的認知與互動佔有實存的必要性 。

With globalization, interactions between governments and academics to share and discuss on formulation of environmental policies have been increasing over the past couple of years. Reference to the ideas and consideration of Dolowitz & Marsh and Bennett & Howlett research theory, Taiwan Green Mark program has been used as the case analysis for this paper. In addition, interviews with relevant authorities, implementation body, experts and academia were carried out to understand the intention of the policy learning and its processes. This paper provides a basic concept of how improvements are made though such learning and shall be as a good example for future research. This paper analyzes the Taiwan Green Mark learning process, accesses motivations, policy contents, source, mode and relevant internal and external constraints to influence policy making and implementation. In conclusion, this paper provides the findings of making a policy effective and efficient benefiting all the stakeholders. (Government, industry, consumer, NGO e.t.c) Even though that the policy learning department has considerable influence to the Taiwan Green Mark program and policy maker or executives have positive approach to policy making, in order to have an effective and efficient policy, the government will need to prioritize and endorse throughout all level of the governmental organization. Government should also to consult with the relevant stakeholders to provide feedback to make any policy successful.