社會救助法制之建構－我國與法國法制之比較研究－

Abstract

本論文之研究動機起源於一則高等行政法院的判決。論文前半段主要研究社會國的發展簡史，以及發展過程中所整理出的結論以及面臨的困境。其次研究我國有關人民生存權、社會救助政策之憲法規範，社會救助法立修法的歷程及其背後所表彰之立法價值及立法者所型塑的社會型態。有關我國社會救助法的部分，研究可得出我國社會救助法對家庭功能樂觀的態度以及對人民落入貧窮的陷阱的擔憂，也從此可見對成員關係不睦或有外籍配偶的家庭較為不利的規定。 論文後半段從比較法的觀點，觀察法國社會法上扮演同樣角色之「社會行動及家庭法典」（Code de l'Action Sociale et des Familles）中相關給付要件及規定內容，並嘗試探詢其中之立法意涵及價值觀。其中法國法上團結（Solidarité）及融入（Inert）的概念作為立法目的之提出、藉由法院介入的調整機制，使家庭與國家責任之間的補充關係得以發揮、給付內容從維持基本的生存條件到社會性的連結，有值得我國法制參考借鏡之處。 最後，藉由修法建議之提出，盼能提供我國未來社會救助法修法之參考意見。

The motivation in this thesis was originated from a judicial decision of Administrative Court. The first part of this thesis has mainly researched the brief history of Social State and the difficulties during the process. Furthermore, from the research to the Constitutional norms of right to live and social assistance policy, the course of social assistance law in Taiwan and the values and social patterns behind those articles, shows the optimism toward the functions of the family and the fear of the poverty trap in the social assistance law in Taiwan. It also shows the rules were unfavorable to the family members who have bad relationships and the family which has foreign spouse. The second part was adopt from the view of comparison, to observe the elements and requirements of the “Code de l'Action Sociale et des Familles” (Code of the Social Action and the families) in French law system, which plays the same role as social assistance law, and try to explore the content and values of these rules. Through the concepts of solidarity (solidarité) and Insert in French law as the end of the social assistance law, the intervention of Courts makes the complementary relationship between the State and the family more significant, the means is changed from maintaining basic conditions of living to social binds. The social assistance law in Taiwan may have improvement through the study. Finally, this thesis proposes opinions for the further reference to amend the law.