學童二年級和四年級時參與安親班和才藝班的相關因子

Abstract

目的：課後安排是無國界的議題，它對於學童個人、家庭和社會都有很大的影響。本研究目的是希望瞭解和比較學童在國小低、中年級時，參與課後安親班和才藝班與個人、家庭和學校因素的相關性，觀察家庭對於不同課後照顧的需求以及做出決策的相關因素。方法：資料來源為兒童與青少年行為之長期發展研究(Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-Term Evolution)部分資料，進行次級資料分析，總納入研究樣本為1744人。結果：1.研究樣本於二年級中，參與安親班和才藝班的比率很高，但是到了四年級時參與率顯著下降。2.不同層面的因素都與學童參與安親班和才藝班有相關，在家中為第一個孩童、居住在台北市、家庭收入較高以及就讀學校為大型學校的學童，參與安親班和才藝班的機率顯著較高；學童因父母親教育程度、母親職業的差異，參與安親班或才藝班情形有所不同；家庭的互動與學童在四年級時是否會參與安親班有關，而個人的健康和學校同儕的互動則與學童在四年級時是否會參與才藝班有關。建議：在未來的研究中，可以加入由親友照顧等非正式的照顧，由於一般家庭在使用課後安排時，會傾向使用一種以上的安排，因此可以探討不同的因素以及不同課後組合安排的關聯性。

Objective: After-school care is a worldwide issue, having enormous influence on children, families and society. The purpose of this study is to realize the conditions of students participating in daycare and extra-curricula in the second and fourth grades. Besides, the research examines the association among personal, family and school factors, and willingness of participating. Methods: The data are from the Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-Term Evolution project and the total sample includes 1744 people after conducting secondary data analysis. Result: 1.High participating rate in daycare and extra-curricula is in the second grade. However, the participating rate decreases dramatically in the fourth grade. 2. Personal, family and school factors all have close relation to participate in daycare and extra-curricula. Student is the first child in families, living in Taipei city, born into rich families or studying in big schools, factoring in significantly high rate to participate in daycare and extra-curricula. Parents’ education level and mother’s job have other relations to participate in daycare or extra-curricula; Family interaction is related to fourth grade students’ participation of daycares. Peer interaction and students’ health condition are related to fourth grade students’ participation of extra-curricula. Conclusions: The study confirms that after-school care of students is the utmost importance. When parents choose daycares and enrichment classes, they usually consider more than one caring options for their children. Researchers can subsume informal care and make different types of combined after-school care to have further discussion in future research.