事權與財政的視角交織：氣候變遷下水災緩減及適應措施的合法安排

Abstract

本文透過水災描述模型，試圖釐清水災的來源、途徑、承受及後果面向的原型特徵；並且觀察溫室氣體排放以及熱島效應所影響的氣候變遷所導致水災特徵的四項轉變：「來源面的人因降水可能」、「後果面的損失加劇可能」、「分析上的不確定性加劇」、「氣候變遷影響的代際延續」。本文進而辨識出相應於這些轉變特徵所相應的三項環境領域法律原則：「預防原則」、「肇因者承擔原則」以及「代際公平原則」；並且審視當前水災緩減及適應法制（前者為《水患治理特別條例》；後者為《水災公用氣體與油料管線輸電線路災害救助種類及標準》）應如何以上列法律原則為指導來解釋適用；以及上列法律原則應如何的調整政府的事權行使與財政安排。

This thesis, through the SPRC model, tries to clarify the characteristics of flood in original image. It also finds out four diversions of these traits that derive from climate change within influences of greenhouse gas and heat island effect as followings: “anthrop-rainfall possibility”, “greater damage possibility”, “intensified uncertainty in scientific analysis”, and “the prolonged impact of climate change to descendents”. According to the diversions above, this thesis identifies three environmental law principles, which are “precautionary principle”, “polluter pays principle in comprehensive version”, and “intergenerational equity” to guide the interpretations of current statute law about flood mitigation and adaption, and adjust the governmental authority and financial arrangement for flood control.