先天性代謝異常病童母親之親職壓力、教養態度及其相關因素之探討

Abstract

本研究目的為探討先天性代謝異常病童母親親職壓力，對教養態度及其相關之影響。研究設計採立意取樣，個案來源於北部某醫學中心基因醫學部門診，共有64位先天代謝異常病童母親參與研究。研究工具為結構式問卷，內容包含病童基本屬性、母親基本屬性、飲食控制狀況、母親親職壓力量表及母親教養態度量表。 研究結果如下： 一、先天性代謝異常病童母親對親職壓力感受程度由高而低依序為：來自親職愁苦壓力、來自困難兒童壓力、來自親子互動失調壓力。而子題部分排序前三名為：1.生活中有不少令我煩惱的事情；2.犧牲了許多自己的生活；3.要孩子去做某些事或不要他做某些事。 二、病童母親親職壓力與其年齡有顯著負相關，母親年齡層越大，其親職壓力越小。而在飲食控制情形部分，病童飲食控制越好，母親之親職壓力相對越低。 三、母親在教養態度方面，對於年紀越小病童，較常使用放任之教養態度。在母親教育程度部分，大專教育程度之母親，對病童較多採民主之教養態度。 四、病童母親整體親職壓力與放任教養態度呈正相關，採取放任教養態度越多，母親親職壓力越大，放任教養態度在親職愁苦壓力部分有顯著正相關，愛護與民主教養態度與親子互動失調呈負相關。 伍、以多元迴歸分析發現，飲食控制情形對病童母親整體親職壓力有負面影響，病童飲食控制越差，其母親親職壓力越高。在親職壓力三面向部份，飲食控制情形對親子互動失調及困難兒童也有負面影響，飲食控制不好，其親子互動失調及困難兒童面向壓力也越大。 六、教養態度對母親壓力也有影響，母親採放任教養態度者，其親職壓力越高，母親採民主教養態度者，其親職壓力越低，也就是說，較常採取放任之教養態度的母親壓力越大，反之較常採取民主之教養態度的母親壓力越低。而在親職愁苦面向，母親採放任教養態度，其親職愁苦層面壓力也就越大；在親子互動失調面向，母親採愛護教養態度，其親子互動失調壓力越低。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the parental stress and rearing practice of mothers of children with inherited metabolic disease and to explore the related facters. Study subjects consisted of 64 mothers of children with inherited metabolic disease. They were all recruited by purposive sampling. The data were collected by questionnaires, including: (1) the demographic data of the children and mother, (2) the condition of dietary control, (3) parental stress scale, and (4) the maternal rearing practice scale. The major findings of study are as follows: 1. Parental stress for mothers of children with inherited metabolic disease was in order: the stress from parental care, the stress from disable child, and the stress from irregular relationship between parents and children. And the order of item score was: (1) There are many things bothered me. (2) It takes a lot of my livelihood. (3) Have a request in doing or not doing something to their children. 2. The parental stress and mother’s age had significant negative correlation: the older mother had the lower parental stress. In dietary control, the better dietary control of sick children and the lower parental stress of mothers were correlated. 3. In maternal rearing practice, the mother had more nonintrusiveness rearing practice for younger sick children. In educational background, the mother of college education would take more democratic rearing practice. 4. The overall parental stress and nonintrusivness rearing practice had positive correlation. Mothers taking more nonintrusivness rearing practice had the larger parental stress. The nonintrusivness rearing practice had significant positive correlation with suffering parental stress. Good care and democratic rearing practice had noticeable negative correlation. 5. In multiple regression analysis, dietary control had negative influence on overall parental stress. Children with worse dietary control the mother had the higher parental stress. 6. Rearing practice had impact on maternal stress. Mothres taking more nonintrusivness rearing practice had larger parental stress. Mothers taking more democratic rearing practice had lower parental stress. In another word, the more often taking nonintrusivness rearing practice the larger of maternal stress. On the contrary, the more often taking democratic rearing practice the lower of maternal stress.