「一串歌喉工婉轉」︰日治時期臺灣藝旦音樂研究

Abstract

臺灣藝旦為在宴飲場合擔任陪侍侑酒之工作，並以其才藝著稱，其中音樂之藝更為基本訓練。她們在臺灣的起始時間並無定論，但在日治時期之活動則有大量的紀錄，其活動已有許多學者關注，但並無為音樂作深入探討者。本文將以日治時期的報章、相關文獻及有聲資料為材料，對於她們音樂活動以至於曲目樂種作廣泛的討論。 本文將從共時性及歷時性兩方面來建構出藝旦音樂活動之概念，再從藝旦所唱的曲目作樂種的分類，討論不同場合所呈現的樂種差異，並從她們使用的樂器重新審視音樂表演內容，以建立其音樂的全貌。之後將範圍縮至藝旦小曲，討論其曲目與客家小調及北管幼曲之相關性，試圖探求小曲之可能來源。並使用歷史錄音為研究文本，探討其唱奏詮釋，並比較其與流行歌曲之特色，最後歸納出藝旦實為臺灣音樂文化之收納者。本文循著「音樂活動→音樂種類→小曲」的主題，再從小曲的研究，重新審視藝旦所處之社會脈絡，由大到小，再由小觀大，可說為本論文欲完成的研究脈絡。

Stating by their talent and skill, Yi-dan (literally ”Taiwanese geisha”) was basically trained in musical art, and hold the post of the banquet attendant. There are no ultimate conclusion about the outset time of Yi-dan, but huge amount of records in Japanese colonial period and the activities of Yi-dan has been attentitive by many scholars; however, further research on the topic of their music was absent. This research will discuss broadly from the musical activities to the repertoire and genre of Yi-dan, on the basis of the newspapers, relevant reference and musical data. This research will firstly construct the concept about musical activities of Yi-dan in synchronic and diachronic approches. Secondly, in order to construct the whole picture of music of Yi-dan, this research will classify the genre of repertoire performed by Yi-dan and discuss the differences of genre performed in varied places. Thirdly, through the discussion above, the range of research would be focused to the xiao-qu (ditties) of Yi-dan, and try to explore the possible origins of xiao-qu by discussing the relevance of repertoire of xiao-qu, Hakka xiao-tiao and Bei-guan you-qu. The text of research is historical recording, in which the interpretations of performance will be discussed, and comparing its peculiarity with pop music. Finally, the conclusion of this research is that the role of Yi-dan is the reflector of Taiwanese musical culture. The context of the research is located in music, for considering both the micro and macro level of the social background, starting from its activities and music genres to xiao-qu, then through the research of xiao-qu to re-examine the social context of Yi-dan.