輕構造溫室之結構安全與構件經濟設計研究

Abstract

本研究分析山形輕構造溫室之結構安全與經濟性設計，並比較與單斜式及隧道式溫室之用鋼量經濟性差異。參考比對的文獻共分析15個結構設計模組，且比較鉸支承基礎與構件強軸轉向配置對構件用量的影響程度。以SAP結構分析軟體進行結構設計，並比較文獻使用結構分析軟體STAADⅢ所得用鋼量的差異。結果得知：相同跨高比、不同主構架間距的設計，除跨高比4.0，以主構架數間距2.5m最經濟外，其餘較小跨高比設計均以主構架間距3.3m為最經濟；至於跨高比部分，越小則用鋼量越大，跨高比4.0的單位室內面積與室內體積用鋼量僅分別為跨高比1.5的77.3%、與63.6%。在不同外形構造的比較方面，使用相同鋼材之山形與單斜式，在構成相同室內面積下山形式較經濟，以10m棟長度為設計單位在相近室內體積時，除體積約85m3之單斜式模組可節省約5%用鋼量外，其餘兩組較大室內體積均為山形式較經濟，約節省27%至35%單位用鋼量。在不考慮使用構材方面，則山形、單斜與隧道三外型中，以隧道式最經濟，在室內面積約55m2至60 m2時，單位用鋼量分別為，單斜式27.61、山形式17.50、隧道式6.98kg/cm2，且不論以室內面積或體積構成作比較，均可節省約50%以上的單位用鋼量。

This study analyzes two aspects of gable cold-formed steel structure greenhouse, structural design for safety and structural design for Economic, and compares the economic difference in how use steels weight in shed greenhouse and arched greenhouse. Referring to relevant studies and analyzes fifteen structural design models group and compares hinge support and elements strong of structure direct span side site-plan to determine their effect on number of elements used. Using SAP to analyze structural design, and compare the result in use steels weight with past study, which employed STAADⅢ to analyze. We find out that under the same span/height and different designs of major frames: only when the span/height at 4.0, it is most economic when major frame is 2.5m. With any other span/height smaller than 4.0, it is most economic when major frame is 3.3m. Also, span/height decreases while use steels weight increases. Comparing use steels weight of span/height at 4.0 and 1.5 in one unit floor area and one unit interior space volume, the result shows that use steel weight in the latter is only 77.3% and 63.6% of the former. In comparisons of different designs of greenhouse, using same steel material, gable greenhouse is more economic to form the same floor area. While using 10m as design unit, with approximately the same interior space volume, only when using shed greenhouse, which form an interior space volume of 85 m3 , it is more economic, saving 5% of use steels weight, The Gable greenhouse is more economic for the other two structural design models group, which both have a larger interior space volume, saving approximately 27% to 35% in unit use steels weight. Disregard steel material, and compare gable, shed, and arched greenhouses, we found out arched greenhouse is the most economic. With floor area of about 55 m2 － 60 m2 , unit use steel weight for gable, shed, and arched greenhouses are 27.61, 17.50, and 6.98 kg/cm2 , respectively. In addition, whether comparing interior area of interior space volume, using arched greenhouse can save at least approximately 50% of unit use steel weight.