臺灣森林的叢赤殼菌類真菌

Abstract

在台灣森林裏，我們發現五十三種叢赤殼類真菌，這些真菌被分類在 Hypocreales下的 Nectriaceae 與 Bionectriaceae 兩科，其中曾經在台灣被發表過的僅有四種。其它有四十二種屬於台灣新記錄種，六種為新種，一種為新組合種。這些真菌大部份採集自最近才枯死的闊葉樹。屬於 Nectriaceae 的29種菌包括 Albonectria albida、A. rigidiuscula、Calonectria kyotensis、C. cf. consors、C. diminuta、C. cf. glabra、C. joca、C. magnusiana、C. obscura、Cosmospora sp.、C. triqua、C. vilior、Haematonectria haematococca、Lanatonectria flavolanata、L. flocculenta、Nectria balsamea、N. pseudotrichia、Neonectria cinnamomea、Neo. coronata、Neo. discophora、Neo. jungneri、Neo. lucida、Neo. rugulosa、Neo. sp. 1、Neo. sp. 2、Neo. sp. 3、Neo. sp. 4、Neo. sp. 5 與 Ophionectria trichospora。屬於 Bionectriaceae 的24種菌包括 Bionectria byssicola、B. compactiuscula、B. grammicospora、B. ochroleuca、B. parviphialis、B. pseudostriata、B. sp. 1、B. sp. 2、B. verrucispora、Hydropisphaera ciliata、H. cf. cyatheae、H. peziza、H. cf. rufofusca、H. suffulta、Ijuhya parilis、I. sp.、Nectriella cf. luteola、Nectriopsis cupulata、N. lasiodermopsis、N. cf. sibicola、Ochronectria calami、Stilbocrea gracilipes、S. macrostoma 與 Stephanonectria keithii。主要的鑑定方法是根據有性構造之形態特徵與培養後所產生的無性構造之形態特徵為主，少部份以DNA比對序列為輔。我們也提供一個檢索表來檢索這些種類。

Fifty-three species of Nectria-like fungi reported herein were collected from forests in Taiwan. They are distributed in Nectriaceae and Bionectriaceae of Hypocreales, with only four previously recorded in Taiwan. Others include 42 species newly recorded in Taiwan, six proposed as new, and one newly combined with the genus Albonectria. Most of them were collected from recently dead broad-leaved trees. Twenty-nine species belong to Nectriaceae, including Albonectria albida, A. rigidiuscula, Calonectria kyotensis, C. cf. consors, C. diminuta, C. cf. glabra, C. joca, C. magnusiana, C. obscura, Cosmospora sp., C. triqua, C. vilior, Haematonectria haematococca, Lanatonectria flavolanata, L. flocculenta, Nectria balsamea, N. pseudotrichia, Neonectria cinnamomea, Neo. coronata, Neo. discophora, Neo. jungneri, Neo. lucida, Neo. rugulosa, Neo. sp. 1, Neo. sp. 2, Neo. sp. 3, Neo. sp. 4, Neo. sp. 5 and Ophionectria trichospora. Twenty-four species belong to Bionectriaceae, including Bionectria byssicola, B. compactiuscula, B. grammicospora, B. ochroleuca, B. parviphialis, B. pseudostriata, Bionectria sp. 1, Bionectria sp. 2, B. verrucispora, Hydropisphaera ciliate, H. cf. cyatheae, H. peziza, H. cf. rufofusca, H. suffulta, Ijuhya parilis, I. sp., Nectriella cf. luteola, Nectriopsis cupulata, N. lasiodermopsis, N. cf. sibicola, Ochronectria calami, Stilbocrea gracilipes, S. macrostoma and Stephanonectria keithii. Identification of these fungi was carried out by using teleomorphic traits as well as cultural and anamorphic traits. In addition, sequences of various DNA fragments were obtained from cultures or collections of certain species to compare with the available sequences in GenBank. A dichotomous key to the studied species is also given.