對同性戀者的內隱、外顯態度與支持婚姻平權之關聯：宗教信仰的調節效果

Abstract

至2017年六月為止，世界上已有22個國家或國家部分行政區使同性婚姻合法化。在台灣，同性婚姻的合法化議題於從不受重視，直至今日成為爭議，並且於今年通過同性婚姻合法的釋憲案。過去的研究顯示，個體對同性戀者的內隱、外顯態度及宗教信仰與其是否支持同性婚姻合法化有高度相關。不僅如此，台灣最主要的幾個反同團體皆具有深厚的宗教色彩。雖然這些團體不以宗教教義為其主要反對同性婚姻的訴求，而藉由捍衛「一夫一妻」、「生養子女」等與傳統家庭價值相符合的概念為基礎，但仍可窺見這些傳統家庭價值與宗教教義的可能關聯，系家庭功能與婚姻意義成為宗教教義的替身。故本研究探討宗教教義對於個體的內隱態度、外顯態度預測同性婚姻支持程度有調節效果，並且信仰反對同性婚姻之宗教者其內隱、外顯會受到傳統家庭價值的中介，影響對同性婚姻的支持程度。研究一（N＝ 2599）結果顯示宗教對於內隱、外顯態度預測同性婚姻支持的調節效果顯著，教義禁止同性婚姻的宗教會強化內隱與外顯態度對於支持同性婚姻的影響。研究二（N = 192）進一步從性開放的角度切入對同性戀的內隱偏見，結果顯示宗教對於內隱態度預測支持同性婚姻的效果亦顯著，即教義禁止同性婚姻的宗教會強化內隱對於同性婚姻的影響，且該歷程受又透過傳統家庭價值所中介。本研究顯示不同宗教信仰者對於支持或反對同性婚姻的歷程可能不一，期許能開啟兩造的對話契機，降低台灣社會的張力。

Until June 2017, there have been 22 counties or part of the country in the world setting laws to legalized same-sex marriage. In Taiwan, the issue about same-sex marriage legalization was not taken seriously several years ago but became one of the most controversial issues recently. Previous studies showed that both implicit and explicit attitude toward to homosexuality and religions are associated with the intension to support same-sex marriage legalization. In addition, some of the most influential organizations against same-sex marriage legalization in Taiwan have strong religious background. Although the opposite groups do not take their discipline as the main reason but claim to protect “traditional family value” and “monogamy” against same-sex marriage, the effect of the religious discipline still have strong influence on the opposition. Hence, the current studies examined that the religious discipline moderated the prediction from both implicit and explicit attitude toward homosexuality on intention to support same-sex marriage, and the mechanism of those who believes opposite religion could be mediated by the endorsement of traditional family value. In study 1 (N = 2599), results showed that the religious discipline moderated both implicit and explicit attitude toward homosexuality on intention to support same-sex marriage. Religion discipline banning the same-sex marriage increased the effect on both implicit and explicit attitude to intention to support same-sex marriage. Study 2 (N = 192) showed that the moderation effect of religion on implicit attitude toward homosexuality with promiscuity mating prejudice to intention to support same-sex marriage. Specifically, religion discipline banning the same-sex marriage increased the effect on implicit attitude to support same-sex marriage. Furthermore, the moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that traditional family value mediated the relationship between implicit attitude and same-sex marriage for those who endorsed the religion discipline banning same-sex marriage. The findings shed light on realizing that there are possibly two different processes between different religion believers. The insight of the result is expected to build the bridge for both approval groups and opposite groups to communicate with each other and reduce the tension in Taiwan society.