從『竹苑藝坊』社區經驗探討社區資本的形成

Abstract

行動研究理論近年來被廣泛的應用到社區實證經驗研究中，本文希冀藉由對都市社區新型態社群網絡的經驗研究，探討社區資本對於前述新型態社群網絡永續經營的策略與新社區經營模式。 本文研究對象為石牌地區『竹苑藝坊』社群網絡及其網絡成員。該組織主要活耀於台北市北投區，位於典型都市新移民會集之處，網絡成員則泛指受『竹苑藝坊』義工組織服務或影響的生活區域內的成員而言。 本文首先檢視「竹苑藝坊」社區工作發展脈絡及演變，依據其社區動員與組織力量的演進，概分為三個時期：第一期為宗教關懷事業的啟蒙與轉化期；第二期為『竹苑藝坊』參與振華社區發展協會時期，係指以振華社區及其鄰近地區為主要工作場域的時期；第三期則為社區成功經驗的外移培力期，主要針對特定對象從事社區工作經驗交流與技術培力；並試圖自「竹苑藝坊」義工社群網絡形塑過程中，透過對網絡成員參與社區行動的觀察與分析、型塑過程運用的策略及步驟，作為探討社區資本對於前述新型態社群網絡永續經營的策略與新社區經營模式的依據。 本文發現：社區資本的形成對於「竹苑藝坊」義工社群網絡的建構扮演舉足輕重的角色。其中人力資本的形成與累積呈現階段性、其運作是一個環狀系統；社區經營策略則必須具備以「生涯帶狀式」為主的義工培力策略、選擇居民有興趣的策略性工具；接受社區經營的新觀念：社區經營是過程主義而非目的導向、經費募集必須做到供需平衡、有效防瀆的機制；並提出以下的假設性策略：義工組織是網絡內最重要的關鍵性因素、建立「信任」機制、凝聚共識、擴大義工培訓計劃、整合資源。從「竹苑藝坊」社區網絡經驗研究中發現，其已開創社區經營新模式，透過照護社區、生活社區、文化社區三步驟，逐步將社區推入永續經營的境界。

The theory of action research has been widely applied to studying practical community experiences. Through looking into the new group network of some innovative urban communities, this study explores how community capital plays an important role in the sustainable managing strategies and patterns of these innovative communities. The study finds out that the formation of community capital is the crucial key to the network construction of the Zhu-yuan Yi-fang volunteer group. With different accumulation stages, the function of human capital is itself a ring network. Community management should primarily include banding career-cultivating strategies for volunteers, and choose proper implements interesting to the residents. Communities have to adopt new managing concepts, which reveal that the process of community management is far more significant than really achieving the goals. As for fund-raising, communities must find a balance between its expenses and supply with strict anti-corruption rules. The following propositions may be presented: Since the volunteer organization has a critical influence on the network, it is vital to lay a foundation for mutual trust, common consensus, resource integration, and expanded volunteer-training programs.