圈飼野生動物環境分枝桿菌屬調查之研究

Abstract

結核病為重要之人畜共通傳染病。根據先前的剖檢經驗顯示，分枝桿菌感染症及結核菌素皮內試驗偽陽性，仍零星發生於動物園中。此結果不僅對公共衛生造成影響，並嚴重威脅到動物園工作者的健康。為了清除動物園野生動物分枝桿菌的感染，乃建立環境樣材病原調查並結合分子技術之檢測流程，配合已有的病理檢驗，希望能盡快達到此目標。本研究使用PCR技術偵測存在於水及土壤中的分枝桿菌，標的基因為hsp 65，之後再以具特異性引子分別檢測hsp 65陽性樣本中有無M. tuberculosis或M. bovis的存在。結果在三個野生動物展示園區的水及土壤樣本，hsp 65陽性率分別為68.18 % (60/88) 和60.67 % (162/267)，PCR檢測hsp 65陽性樣本沒有人型及牛型分枝桿菌。Hsp 65陽性樣本基因定序之結果顯示7.21 %為分枝桿菌屬之細菌，而其它細菌如Nocardioides spp.亦值得注意。

Tuberculosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases concerned by general public. From our previous necropsy results, cases of mycobacterial infection and cases of false positive of intradermal tuberculin test (ITT), both could be sporadically present in the zoo. This result would be a severe threat for the public health and the workers of the exhibitions as well. In order to eradicating mycobacterial infection in zoo animals, environmental surveillance of the contaminating material combined with molecular and routine pathological diagnosis had been conducted. The approach of this study was using PCR to detect hsp 65 gene of bacteria in water and soil, and positive samples were subsequently confirmed by PCR using specific primers for M. tuberculosis and M. bovis respectively. The results showed 68.18 % (60/88) of water samples and 60.67 % (162/267) of soil samples collected from environments of three wildlife exhibitions were hsp 65-positive. The results of PCR for M. tuberculosis and M. bovis detection were both 0 % (0/222) in those hsp 65-positive samples. The sequencing results of hsp 65 gene in these PCR positive samples revealing 7.21 % were Mycobacterium spp., and other bacteria like Nocardioides spp. were also noticeable.