導師制的典範功能與創新氛圍對創業意圖的影響—以創業自我效能為中介變項

Abstract

近年來新創公司崛起，許多學生因為未來職涯的考量，會選擇在畢業前到新創公司實習，提升自己的「就業力」甚至是「創業力」。為瞭解實習生在新創公司實習的經驗，包含所經歷的重要他人以及環境，讓實習生想再將來創業，本論文以Ajzen（1991）的計畫行為理論與Bandura（1977）的三元交互理論為基礎，結合近幾年學者對導師制與創新氛圍的相關文獻，探究創業自我效能是否會影響創業意圖，並研析新創公司中導師制的典範功能與創新氛圍是否會透過創業自我效能的中介效果，對創業意圖產生影響。最後，提出結論與建議，予以相關單位參考。本論文以新創公司實習生為研究對象，共回收有效問卷166份，實證結果如下： 一. 參與新創公司實習者的創業自我效能對創業意圖有顯著正向影響。 二. 導師制的典範功能對參與新創公司實習者的創業自我效能與創業意圖有顯著正向影響。 三. 創新氛圍對參與新創公司實習者的創業自我效能與創業意圖有部分顯著正向影響。 依據研究結果，本論文發現對新創公司的實習生來說，重要他人的影響比環境的影響明顯，「跟對人」，比起所屬的「環境」更為重要。實習生參考導師分享的創業經驗，應會對未來創業募資、招募與管理更具信心。本論文是以創業意圖作為研究目標，雖無法判定新創公司的實習經驗對實習生實際的創業行為是否有直接性的影響，但能確定的是，新創公司的實習機會聚集對創新創業有興趣的學生，匯聚了一定的創業能量。在與導師相互學習的過程中，實習生提升了創業意圖，無論在實習過後對創業抱有憧憬或是打退堂鼓，都是社會學習的積累，導師對實習生的創業自我效能與創業意圖的影響不能忽視。

Mentorship and innovation climate are reputed to support the development of individuals in various contexts. This research is one of the few that investigates the effects of mentorship’s role model function and innovation climate on entrepreneurial intention of startup interns. The purpose of this study is to examine how the both factors in startups affect interns’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Based on Ajzen's “Theory of Planned Behavior” and Bandura’s 'Theory of Social Learning”, this study combines scholars' recent research on mentorship and innovation climate, explore whether entrepreneurial self-efficacy will affect entrepreneurial intention, and analyze whether entrepreneurial self-efficacy serve as a mediator between mentorship’s role model function, innovation climate and entrepreneurial intention. This study surveyed 166 startup interns, demonstrates that entrepreneurial self-efficacy mediates the relationship between mentorship’s role model function and entrepreneurial intention. Mentorship’s role model function was a better predictor of interns’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention than was innovation climate. The result could possibly be due to the impact of significant others stronger than environment when it comes to business ventures. Therefore, the influence of mentorships on interns’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention cannot be ignored.