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標題: | 著作財產權之除罪化-以保護法益為中心 Decriminalization of Economic Rights of Copyright- Focus on Protection of Legal Interests |
作者: | Cho-Chun Juan 阮卓群 |
指導教授: | 王皇玉(Huang-Yu Wang) |
關鍵字: | 法益,著作權,著作財產權,除罪,期待利益, Legal Interests,Copyright,Economic Rights,Decriminalization,Executory Interests, |
出版年 : | 2019 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 著作權的保障乃普世價值,無庸質疑。但有趣的是,社會大眾對於著作權的保護卻又沒那麼重視,甚至總是以「下載」的方式侵害著作權,為什麼會有這樣的矛盾產生?說穿了,就是人們覺得侵害著作權沒那麼嚴重,著作權需要保護,但不需要用太過嚴厲的手段保護。劉邦入關中時,曾與鄉親父老約法三章:「殺人者死,傷人及盜抵罪」,將殺人、傷人及竊盜都視為犯罪行為,卻從來無人覺得不妥。換句話說,同樣值得被保護的事物,卻未必要用相同的手段來處理,對於一個大家認為沒那麼嚴重的行為,需不需要將之視為犯罪而需要動用到刑罰?什麼樣的行為才值得動用刑罰?
為了釐清上述的問題,本文以研究犯罪的共通元素展開,經由回顧文獻資料,確認犯罪的實質要件,進而連結到刑罰發動的正當性。從費爾巴哈開始,到比爾包、賓丁、李斯特,乃至魏爾采,透過整理各學者的對於實質犯罪概念詮釋的過程,確立了侵害「法益」係犯罪的實質概念;再結合當代學者的見解,歸納出法益適格要件。而著作財產權的本質不過是一種期待利益,雖有經濟價值,卻不足以成為法益,無法通過上開要件檢驗,自非屬犯罪行為,無庸動用刑罰回應,這正好說明了人們覺得侵害著作權並不是那麼嚴重的原因。 因著作權法刑罰規範欠缺保護法益,當有必要進行除罪化的探討,經過分析後發現有自始立法不當的問題。蓋本法係屢屢受制於美國三○一條款貿易制裁之脅迫,並未考量我國社會文化價值而草率立法,至此,除罪化之推動勢在必行。本文認為著作財產權以刑罰以外之方式保護已足,倘以民事手段處理,也完全符合一般人對於「使用者付費」的認知,將著作財產權除罪化,並不會使著作人喪失保障,反而大大節省了司法資源,避免以刑逼民的現象一再發生,將著作物的價值回歸市場機制決定,而非由著作人發動刑事告訴來標價,除符合一般人的法感情外,更確保社會大眾能更多加接近、利用著作物,一方面豐富人類的精神生活,一方面刺激更多的創作產生,促進國家文化的發展。 There is no doubt that the guarantee of copyright is universal value. However, the interesting thing is that the public society does not pay much attention on the protection of copyrights and even infringes copyright through “downloading”. The true reason for such a contradiction is that people believe that copyright infringement is committed to a less serious extent. Despite the fact that copyrights need to be protected, it does not require strict measures for the protection. When Liu Bang occupied Guanzhong, he made a contract with the people in the community: “Anyone guilty of homicide shall be put to death; unlawful wounding and theft are all considered as crimes,” which did not cause any dissatisfaction. In other words, it is not necessary for different matters worthy of protection to be treated by the same measures. Is it necessary to treat an unserious behavior deemed by everyone as a crime that needs to be punished? What kind of behavior needs to be punished? This article performs research on the common elements of crime to clarify the above problems and recognizes essential elements of crime by literature review to link to the legitimacy of the penalty. The concept of substantial crime’s infringement of “legal interests” was established by collating scholars' concepts of substantial crimes, including Feuerbach, Birnbaum, Binding, Liszt and even Welzel. On top of that, the insights of contemporary scholars are also considered in order to summarize the necessary conditions of legal interests. The essence of economic right of copyright is just an expectation interest, and despite its economic value, it is still inadequate to be deemed as legal interest. As it does not meet the above conditions, the infringement of economic right of copyright is not a crime, and a penalty is not required. This just explains why people believe that copyright infringement is committed to a less serious extent. In order to be consistent with the theoretical aspects of the Copyright Act, it is necessary to discuss decriminalization. Initial problems of improper legislation have been discovered after the analysis. The sloppy legislation was due to numerous constraints to comply with Section 301 Trade Remedies of the US without considering Taiwan’s social and cultural values. Hence, it is imperative to promote decriminalization. Economic rights of copyrights can be protected by means other than penalties, and civil measures will also correspond to the general public's perception of “user pays”. Decriminalizing the violation of copyrights will not cause loss of protection to the author, and instead will save a lot of judicial resources, in order to avoid the phenomenon of repeatedly forcing people by penalties. The value of works is again to be determined by market mechanisms rather than the authors’ decision of filing lawsuits. In addition to protecting the expectation interests of authors, it also ensures that the public can gain more contact and utilize the works protected by copyrights, which on one hand improves people’s spiritual lives, while on the other hand stimulate more creations and promote the development of national cultural. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/21429 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201901283 |
全文授權: | 未授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 科際整合法律學研究所 |
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ntu-108-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 2.25 MB | Adobe PDF |
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