肢體反應故事教學法(TPRS)應用於初級兒童華語教材與教學設計之研究

Abstract

隨著亞洲在國際上的政經地位愈趨重要，華語學習蔚為風潮。美國政府大力推動華語教學，學習華語的人數逐年增加，年齡層亦不斷下降，許多美國公私立中小學增設了華語學習課程，甚至提供沉浸式華語教學的環境。 肢體反應故事教學法(Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Story-telling，簡稱TPRS)為美國近年愈趨盛行的外語教學法，許多中小學的華語教師以TPRS教學。然而，美國現有的TPRS兒童華語教材不多，而且存在許多問題，如：缺乏聽說讀寫技能的練習、中西方的文化比較，以及其他學科知識的貫連，影響了TPRS兒童華語教學的品質。 為了改善美國的TPRS兒童華語教學，本文探討TPRS的教學理論與兒童華語教材應具備的編寫原則，檢討現有之兒童華語教材，進而提出兒童華語教學的理念，並設計內容較完善之TPRS兒童華語教材。最後，以教案呈現TPRS教學法與本文教材之配合，並輔以其他教學法的優點提升教學成效，期能為美國TPRS兒童華語教學與教材設計，提供新的面貌與視野。

More and more people start to learn Mandarin Chinese as Asia becomes more influential and powerful worldwide. Realizing the growing trend of learning Mandarin Chinese around the world, American government has put a lot of efforts into Mandarin Chinese education, which results in the popularity of leaning Mandarin Chinese throughout the nation. Many people even started their Mandarin Chinese education when they were young. Thus, a growing number of public schools as well as private schools provide students with Mandarin Chinese learning programs such as FLES(Foreign Language in Elementary Schools) and Mandarin Chinese immersion program. Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Story-telling, also known as TPRS pedagogy, has gained its popularity among primary and secondary schools throughout America. Many Mandarin Chinese teachers in primary and secondary schools adopt TPRS pedagogy in teaching Mandarin Chinese as a second language. However, due to the lack of TPRS Mandarin Chinese teaching materials for children, and inadequate content of current TPRS Mandarin Chinese teaching materials, TPRS Mandarin Chinese teachers are not as effective as they could be, which causes inefficiency in children's learning. In order to provide a better TPRS Mandarin Chinese education, this study discusses the background theory of TPRS pedagogy and establishes the principles and guidelines for Mandarin Chinese teaching materials intended for children. On the basis of the principles and guidelines, this study analyzes current Mandarin Chinese teaching materials for children and finds out what has to be changed. According to the results of the analysis, this study develops a new TPRS Mandarin Chinese teaching material for students in primary schools by incorporating the essential concepts and principles of children's teaching materials. Finally, this study has made a lesson plan to demonstrate the ideal teaching and learning in an effective TPRS Mandarin Chinese classroom.