台灣農民對農業結構措施之意向及其政策意涵

Abstract

長久以來台灣農業經營面積過小，生產成本偏高，農民更有高齡化情況，不利農業生產力的提升。雖然農政單位近年來採行如農地銀行、小地主大佃農、休耕地活化等政策，也推動漂鳥及園丁計畫、農民學院與農場見習等措施，然而農民之參與意願卻是政府施政成效的重要因素之一，但過去在相關領域研究較少，也缺乏農民對農業結構政策參與意願及滿意度之評量，有鑑於此本研究有必要對農民意向與參與意願做瞭解。本研究以調查方式取得初級資料，並利用數量方法做分析。 本研究結果顯示，受訪者對小地主大佃農及老農津貼補助計畫感到滿意；受訪者對於現行結構調整政策整體而言感到滿意，且以外銷專區及農民學院與農場見習最為滿意；參加休耕補貼的受訪者平均年齡較高，農業收入較高，但家庭收入卻較低；參加小地主大佃農之受訪者平均年紀較低，自有農地面積較大，農業收入及家庭收入較高。

For a long time, small farm size and aging farmers are the main issues facing by the Taiwan’s agricultural sector, which in turns result in higher production cost and lower competitiveness of the agricultural industries. To solve the problems, several policy measures have been carried by the authority, such as “Small land-owners and big land-rent”, “Activation of fallow land”, “Stray Birds”, “Gardener”, and “The farmers’ academy”. Although policy mechanisms have been provided, it is the farmers’ willingsness to participation that affects the effect of the policies. The purpose of this research is to investigate the farmers’ opinion and their participating decision on agricultural structural policy. A survey is concluded by the research and qualitative methods are applied in our research. Our findings suggest that many farmers are satisfied with “Small land-owners and big land-rent” and “Old-age farmers’ welfare allowance”, as well as the “Export special district” and “The farmers’ academy”. We also found that farmers who participate in fallow program are older, with higher agricultural income, but lower household income. Farmers participating in “small land-owners and big land-rent”, on average, are younger, possessing larger agricultural land, and with higher household income.