尼采與中國知識界的交會

Abstract

十九世紀存在主義代表人物尼采，其解構形上學繼而提出「上帝已死」，高呼「反基督」來對固有價值體系進行重估，並籲求自我能動性的昂揚發揮。尼采富含個人主義色彩的超人以及權力意志學說，也讓廿世紀初的中國知識分子領略到對「自我」存在與關注重心的轉向。本文即在探討尼采何以進入廿世紀初中國知識界，以及如何藉由尼采學說，讓中國找到自我定位的座標軸，以及對中國超克外在環境窠臼的自我期許作一探討。同時兼論知識分子如何策略化援引尼采學說傳播至中國各界，從而瞭解尼采中國化進程當中的經緯脈絡與思想啟示。

Nietzsche, the representative figure of Existentialism in the 19th century, proposed the concept of 'God is dead' in the deconstruction of metaphysics which urged people to reevaluate the fixed value system and exert their own initiatives by the idea of Anti-Christ. His theories of Overman and the Will to Power rich in individualism also led Chinese intellectuals of the early 20th century to realize the existence of self and shift their focus. This study was to investigate how Nietzsche entered Chinese intellectual circles in the early 20th century and how his philosophy led China to position itself and also studied China's self-expectation of overcoming the external fixed patterns. In addition, this study also discussed how these intellectuals strategically recommended and spread his philosophy to all fields in China in order to understand the context and inspiration in the sinicization process of Nietzsche's philosophy.