明末清初的夫婦關係書寫：以尤侗為考察中心

Abstract

本論文以尤侗（1618-1704）為研究中心，關注其跨文體的夫婦關係書寫、所編纂之悼亡集，及其他清初文人共同參與悼亡的現象，旨在分析其所呈現的夫婦形象、書寫策略，及其對夫婦情義的表述與認知，了解重視情感表現與展演的明末清初文人，如何掌握夫婦之義無貴於過暱的界線。 本研究大致處理了四個層面之議題。首先，就尤侗的作品討論不同文體的內容取材與寫作手法，及因之凸顯出夫婦關係的相異面向。其次，探討倫理意識與悼亡意識對於尤侗夫婦關係的書寫與建構所產生的影響。再者，分析尤侗與清初文人共同編纂之悼亡集《哀絃集》中所涉及的文學社群，並考察他們對於夫婦關係的書寫與見解。最末，關注尤侗作為一位「能文」的丈夫，如何書寫「知書」的妻子曹令，並揭示「能文夫配知書妻」此一婚姻類型的共同趨向及其特殊性。 綜言之，本文希冀藉跨文體、歷時與共時性的觀察，以及橫越個人與社群的考察，有助於我們進一步理解明末清初的文學內涵與時代風貌，窺探文人夫婦關係的書寫與建構，並得以開展更深入的相關論題。

This thesis analyzes You Tong (1618–1704) with specific focus placed on both his writings regarding the husband-wife relationship and compilation of a collection on mourning as well as the phenomenon of joint participation engaged in by literati in the early Qing dynasty. The aim is to examine his image of the couple, writing strategy, and expression and cognition of husband-wife friendship. Through this analysis, one is able to better understand how late Ming and early Qing literati, known for their attention to emotion expression, maintain the boundary between “the right husband-wife relationship” and “excessive intimacy” in their writings. Four major aspects are dealt with specifically. First, The author discusses the content and writing techniques of different literary genres found in the works of You Tong and highlight the various facets of the husband-wife relationship. Secondly, the influence of the consciousness regarding both ethics and mourning on the writing and construction of the relationship between You Tong and his wife is explored at length. Furthermore, this thesis analyzes the involvement of the literary community and joint compilation of the Collection of Mourning Chords (Ai xian ji) by You Tong and other members of the early Qing dynasty literati and examines their writings and opinions on the relationship between husband and wife. Finally, attention is paid to how You Tong wrote on and expressed the tendency and particularity of the marriage model associated with himself—a husband with the ability to write (You Tong) and a wife who possessed a certain level of education (his wife Cao Ling). This research anticipates that through diachronic and synchronic observations of literary genres, as well as surveys of individuals and communities, we can further understand literary connotation and manner of the late Ming and early Qing period, such as probing into the writing and construction of the husband-wife relationship. Finally, this research approach may be able to open up related topics for more in-depth analyses.