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Title: | 成年子女孝道觀念及焦慮對照顧老年父母角色反轉傾向之影響 The Filial Belief and Filial Anxiety on Adult Children‘s Tendency of Role Reversal When Taking Care of Aging Parents |
Authors: | Chien-Wen Lin 林茜雯 |
Advisor: | 葉光輝(Kuang-Hui Yeh) |
Keyword: | 成人親子關係,代間關係,照顧者,孝道雙元模型,孝道焦慮, adult parent-child relationship,intergenerational relationship,caregiver,dual filial piety model,filial anxiety, |
Publication Year : | 2018 |
Degree: | 碩士 |
Abstract: | 高齡社會下,成年子女幾乎都會面臨照顧老年父母壓力的課題,並在不同角色 責任間常發生角色衝突議題。成年子女若未覺察到父母老化,平時鮮少陪伴、關心及 協助父母,當突然需擔負貣長期照顧老年父母的責任時,便會面臨照顧角色調適上的 困難,產生角色緊張,此壓力直接影響到成年子女的身心狀況。故子女應提早學習照 顧角色反轉,透過心理層面的照顧與老年父母建立相互信賴的親密關係,並由正向情 緒與經驗來發展心理韌性以適應及緩衝必頇擔任照顧者角色時的龐大壓力。因此,若 能暸解影響成年子女角色反轉的重要因素,釐清影響角色反轉歷程的機制,未來得以 發展介入學習方案,成年子女才能順利地調適照顧老年父母的責任。在華人社會中, 成年子女照顧老年父母是孝道的重要內涵,本研究目的為探討成年子女的相互性孝道 信念與權威性孝道信念、照顧孝道焦慮中的情感焦慮與能力焦慮如何影響自身的角色 反轉傾向。研究參與者為 35 歲以上的成年子女,且父、母至少一位健在。有效問卷 資料父親版共蒐集 237 份、母親版共 266 份,研究結果顯示:(1)成年子女持有的 相互性孝道對自身角色反轉傾向的正向影響效果比權威性孝道效果大,而對象是母親 時其效果比父親更加明顯。(2)成年子女持有的情感焦慮對自身角色反轉傾向有正 向影響,能力焦慮則具有負向影響效果,其中情感焦慮的效果明顯大於能力焦慮的效 果。(3)成年子女持有的情感焦慮能緩衝能力焦慮對角色反轉造成之負面影響,對 象是母親時效果更為明顯。(4)成年子女的照顧對象不論是父或母,其情感焦慮在 相互性孝道對角色反轉傾向的影響具有中介作用。同時,情感焦慮在權威性孝道對角 色反轉傾向的影響上也具有中介作用。(5)當照顧對象是父親,成年子女在能力焦 慮低時,相互性孝道對角色反轉的正向關聯強度較強,能力焦慮高時則其關聯較弱。 另外,不論照顧對象是父親或母親,成年子女在能力焦慮低時,權威性孝道對角色反 轉傾向的正向關聯強度較弱,能力焦慮高時則其正向關聯較強。綜合而言,成年子女 之孝道觀念及孝道焦慮對自身角色反轉傾向具有影響效果,其中以情感為基礎的相互 性孝道及情感焦慮在影響角色反轉傾向中具有重要性。若未來能對此歷程加以關注, 並發展介入應用方案,則當成年子女在父母身體尚健康時,能及早培養其角色反轉傾 向,進而當面對父母老化需更多協助與照顧時,能對照顧父母角色的適應表現較佳, 並能減少因照顧角色緊張所帶來的壓力感受。 In an aged society, most of adult children are facing the stress of caring for elderly parents and of inter-role conflict in family domain. Those adult children who lack preparation for becoming their parents‘ caregivers more often encounter difficulties to cope with the role transition, thus increasing their risks of psychological maladaptation. By contrast, those who are sensitive to their ageing parents‘ psychosocial needs during the transition period often maintain a good intergenerational relationship through positive experiences of interaction with parents, which is fostering their resilience to deal with various challenges in caring for ageing parents. Hence, it is better for adult children to understand and accept their role- reversal from care-receiver to caregiver in advance. In order to facilitate adult children‘s awareness of the above transition in the family life cycle, it is important for researchers to clarify the mechanism or characteristics of the role-reversal process from care-receiver to caregiver and to investigate its potential antecedent factors. In Chinese culture, filial piety which often manifests as the family-centered informal care for ageing parents may closely connect with the caregiver role-reversal of adult children. The goal of this study is to explore how adult children‘s beliefs toward filial piety (including reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety proposed by the Dual Filial Piety Model) and their filial anxiety (anxiety over one‘s own ability to take on a caregiving role and anxiety over one‘s aging parents‘ welfare) affect their tendency of caregiver role reversal when taking care of aging parents. The research participants are adult children who are older than 35 years old and have at least one alive parent. The final sample consisted a total of 503 valid questionnaires were collected (237 for the role-reversal between father-child dyad and 266 for mother- child dyad).The results indicated that (1) adult children‘s belief toward reciprocal filial piety had more positive influence (in contrast to authoritarian filial belief) on their tendency of role reversal and this positive influence of filial piety was more significant in mother-child than in father-child dyad; (2) adult children‘s anxiety over their aging parents‘ welfare had a positive influence on their tendency of role reversal while anxiety over their own ability to take on a caregiving role a negative influence. And the former kind of anxiety had a more significant influence on adult children‘s role-reversal than the later; (3) the negative influence of adult children‘s anxiety over their own caregiving ability on their tendency of role-reversal was buffered by their anxiety over parent‘ welfare and this buffering effect was more significant in mother-child than father-child dyad; (4) whether the adult children‘s caregiver role was evaluated in mother-child or father-child dyad, adult children‘s anxiety over aging parents‘ welfare consistently showed a mediating effect between their beliefs toward filial piety (both reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety) and role-reversal tendency ; (5) adult children‘s anxiety over their own ability to take on a caregiving role showed a moderating effect on the link between their beliefs toward filial piety (both reciprocal and authoritarian) and tendency of role reversal. The positive association between adult children respondents‘ reciprocal filial piety and role-reversal tendency was stronger for the respondents with low ability anxiety but weaker for those with high ability anxiety, and this difference was only found in the father-child dyad. On the other hand, the positive association between adult children respondents‘ authoritarian filial piety and role-reversal tendency was weaker for the respondents with low ability anxiety but stronger for those with high ability anxiety whether the adult children‘s caregiver role was evaluated in mother-child or father-child dyad. In sum, the filial belief and filial anxiety of adult children affect their tendency of role reversal. More, specifically, both the reciprocal filial piety of adult children and their anxiety over aging parents‘ welfare that are based on affection are likely to be the key factors for the role reversal. Future study should pay more attention to this role-reversal process and develop a practical intervention program to improve adult children‘s awareness of and coping skills for their caregiver role transition in advance. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/1366 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201803167 |
Fulltext Rights: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
Appears in Collections: | 心理學系 |
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