犯罪人復歸社會議題之考察─從我國現行處遇制度談起

Abstract

監獄行刑法宣示自由刑的執行目的為促使受刑人悔改向上並適應社會生活，對於輕罪的犯罪人更盡量以不中斷其社會化的方式來執行其刑(或負擔)，另外尚有保護管束與更生保護等諸多措施來共同架構我國的處遇制度，以於社會防衛的同時兼顧犯罪人復歸社會時的需求。然而在執行面上，呈現出來的卻是矯治教化環節不受重視，犯罪人的管理、監視才是支配處遇制度運作的核心。 站在這個法規範面與執行面之間的斷層帶上，本文從處遇制度的歷史發展過程與當代政治政策、經濟政策、社會環境的變遷來考察型塑處遇制度內涵的外部因素，以理解處遇制度的制度框架是如何被建構出來的。 面對吾人所處的這個逐步步向排除型的社會，反省差異排除的社會機制與心理機制是一個改變的契機。將此反省實踐在處遇制度之中，除了應重新重視矯治教化環節以輔導犯罪人再社會化之外，積極的協助犯罪人修復因犯罪行為而破損的關係、引進社會的關心理解與協力，為處遇制度在排除型社會中能夠實現社會納入的途徑。

It is declared in Prison Act that the purpose of imprisonment is to correct pris-oners and adjust them towards social life. To those who committed misdemeanors, community-based treatments, rather than incarcerations, are adapted whenever possible, and probation and after-care system are also available beside institutional corrections for convicts. Taken together, our treatment systems as a whole are de-signed both to protect the society and to improve rehabilitation of criminals. In prac-tice, however, the latter is often ignored, and what dominate our current treatment systems are criminal management and supervision. Based on the gap between the regulation and the enforcement of the law, this thesis examines the external factors affecting the internal spirit of treatment systems by reviewing the history of treatment systems, public policies, economic policies, and social changes, in order to understand how treatment systems are constructed. Facing the gradually exclusive society, reflecting the social and psychological mechanisms of exclusion will be an opportunity to change. Implementing such ref-lection in treatment systems, we should value the importance of corrections and guide criminals to resocialization. In addition, helping them restore broken connec-tions and relationships caused by crimes and drawing in concern and support from the whole society are also the path towards social inclusion.