人格與音樂偏好的關係 與心理機制探討

Abstract

本研究主要探討音樂偏好與人格的關係。研究一從高中、大專、社會人士共268位樣本透過探索性因素分析找出台灣音樂類型偏好的五個因素：本土、搖滾、沉思、流行、律感，除本土因素外，另外四個因素均與西方研究類似。音樂偏好五個因素經由多元尺度法找出三個維度將其區分：本土—洋化、簡易—複雜、輕柔—強力。而後進行音樂偏好與五大人格因素的相關分析與探討。研究二以318位台灣大學生為樣本透過探索性因素分析找出音樂屬性偏好的四個構面：正向情緒高能量性、低能量性、負向情緒性、複雜性，並經由結構方程模型分析驗證並修正三個人格特質的音樂偏好心理機制：1.神經質—負向情緒性的音樂需求—偏好負向情緒屬性音樂；2.外向性—背景性與正向情緒性的音樂需求—偏好正向情緒高能量屬性音樂；3.開放性—認知性的音樂需求—偏好複雜屬性音樂。結果顯示人格特質會影響音樂的需求方式，音樂的需求方式進而影響音樂屬性偏好的選擇。

The present research examined the association between personality and music preferences. Study 1 using exploratory factor analyses of music-preference data from 268 samples (including senior high school students, university students and employees) revealed five music-preference dimensions: Indigenous, Rock, Reflective, Popular and Rhythmic. Except indigenous factor, the other four factors were similar to Dutch and American factor solutions. MultiDimensional scaling revealed three dimensions of music preferences: Indigenous—Westernized, Simple—Complex, Soft—Intensive. Preferences for these music dimensions were related to personality dimensions. Study 2 using exploratory factor analyses of music-preference data from 318 university students revealed four music-attribute dimensions: Positive-Affect-High-Energy Level, Low Energy Level, Negative Affect and Complexity. Using Structural Equation Modeling to confirm and modify three structures of music-preference psychological mechanism: 1. Neuroticism— Negative Emotional Use of Music— Negative-Affect Musical Attribute. 2. Extraversion— Background and Positive Emotional Uses of Music— Positive-Affect-High-Energy-Level Musical Attributes. 3. Openness— Cognitive Use of Music—Complexity Musical Attribute. Results showing that personality traits are the determinants of uses of music, and uses of music are the determinants of music-attributes preferences.