不同年齡層在視覺負荷下之微顫動表現

Abstract

本研究探討在使用數位裝置導致的視覺負荷下，不同年齡層之晶狀體微顫動表現，並透過眨眼頻率、瞳孔直徑、微顫動頻率組成及主觀疲勞量表等指標，評估視覺負荷情境下之變化。本研究招募年輕組（20–25歲）與年長組（40–65歲）各15名視力正常且無眼部疾病之參與者，於桌上型顯示器進行30分鐘之接龍（Solitaire）遊戲以誘發視覺疲勞，並於負荷前（Before, B）、負荷後（After, A）及休息15分鐘後（Recovery, R）進行三階段的微顫動量測。微顫動數據由本團隊開發之精密光學平台擷取，經快速傅立葉轉換分離低頻（Low Frequency Component, LFC，0.13–0.65 Hz）與高頻（High Frequency Component, HFC，1.0–2.1 Hz）能量；眨眼頻率與瞳孔直徑使用Tobii Pro Fusion眼動儀於視覺任務進行中同步記錄；主觀疲勞則藉由任務前後填寫之 Eye-Complaint Questionnaire（ECQ）量表進行評估。結果顯示，兩組參與者之LFC與HFC能量於視覺負荷後均顯著升高，休息階段呈部分回復，其中LFC在總能量中所佔比例增幅最大，顯示低頻成分對視覺負荷較為敏感，而年齡對微顫動變化之主效應與交互效應皆未達顯著，僅年長組變化幅度略低於年輕組；眨眼頻率於任務期間皆低於放鬆狀態，且任務初期、末期及年齡差異皆不顯著；瞳孔直徑於年齡主效應呈現顯著，年輕組之瞳孔直徑顯著大於年長組，惟任務初期、末期差異不顯著；年輕組之ECQ總分及十項症狀於負荷後顯著上升，且增幅顯著大於年長組，此外，年輕組之LFC變化與ECQ變化呈現弱正相關。綜合上述實驗結果，晶狀體微顫動之LFC能量及其佔比可快速反映短期視覺負荷，且於短暫休息後可部分恢復，顯示其作為客觀視覺疲勞指標之潛力，相較之下，眨眼頻率與瞳孔直徑於本實驗強度下之敏感度較低，年齡主要影響瞳孔大小與主觀疲勞反應，對微顫動之變化趨勢影響有限。未來研究建議延長視覺負荷時程、提升任務複雜度並擴大樣本，以驗證微顫動指標於年齡及實際應用場景之適用性。

This study examined crystalline lens microfluctuations (MFs) under digital-device visual load in two distinct age cohorts, young (20–25 years; n = 15) and older (40–65 years; n = 15) . Participants completed a 30-minute Solitaire task to induce visual fatigue. MFs were recorded before load (B), immediately after (A), and after a 15-minute rest (R) using an optical platform. Signals were decomposed by FFT into low-frequency (LFC; 0.13–0.65 Hz) and high-frequency (HFC; 1.0–2.1 Hz) energy bands. Blink rate and pupil diameter were recorded during the task, and subjective fatigue was assessed via the Eye-Complaint Questionnaire (ECQ) before and after. Both cohorts showed significant increases in LFC and HFC energy after load, with partial recovery at R. The LFC proportion of total MF energy increased most, indicating greater sensitivity of low-frequency components. Age did not significantly affect MF changes, though the older cohort exhibited slightly smaller increases. Blink rate remained suppressed throughout with no significant age or temporal differences. Pupil diameter was larger at baseline in the young cohort but did not change across conditions. ECQ scores increased significantly post-load in both cohorts, with a greater increment in the young cohort, and changes in LFC energy were weakly correlated with ECQ scores in young participants. LFC energy and its proportional contribution may serve as rapid indicators of short-term visual load, partially recovering after rest. Blink rate and pupil diameter were less responsive. Age influenced baseline pupil size and subjective fatigue, with limited effects on MF dynamics. Future research should extend load duration, increase task complexity, and recruit larger samples to validate MF-based indicators.