中國大陸行政程序法制之研究

Abstract

自中國大陸改革開放以來，中國大陸開始走向法治道路至今已經四十多年，隨著行政管理的複雜化，更需要將行政程序法制來規範行政行為。在建設法治國家背景之下，推進行政程序法制成為依法治國具體化和政府再造的契機。在行政法理論中，行政機關所適用的行政程序，內涵也不斷地發展。 本文分析中國大陸行政制發展的歷史脈絡，可以大致劃分為法制構建、法制推進以及全面法制深化這三個順序漸進的階段。隨著經濟全球化的深入推進、服務型政府理念的發展以及行政法律體系的不斷健全，行政法在形式與實質上正逐漸滿足時代的需求。目前中國大陸正處於經濟體制轉型的關鍵時期，推動行政程序制度化，不僅有助於為具有中國特色的市場經濟運行建立明確的遊戲規則，還能促進行政管理模式的變革與政府職能的調整。 本文透過文獻分析法、歷史研究法與案例分析法，針對中國大陸行政程序法制的實踐與趨勢，結合歷史背景和國情，分析中國大陸行政程序法制建構的相關問題，並探討資訊公開、行政告知、行政聽證、陳述申辯四個面向相關法制，說明中國大陸司法實踐中具體事件起源、發展及影響。本文指出中國大陸在行政程序法制發展過程中，存在制度沒充分有落實、制度落實卻流於形式、制度遭到濫用、制度設計存在權利衝突等問題和改進方向。

Since China's reform and opening up, it has been more than 40 years since China began to move towards the path of rule of law. With the complexity of administrative management, it is even more necessary to standardize administrative behavior through the legal system of administrative procedures. Under the background of building a rule of law country, promoting the legal system of administrative procedures has become an opportunity for the concretization of the rule of law and the reconstruction of the government. In the theory of administrative law, the connotation of the administrative procedures applied by administrative organs is constantly developing. This study analyzes the historical development of China's administrative system, which can be roughly divided into three progressive stages: legal construction, legal promotion, and comprehensive legal deepening. With the deepening of economic globalization, the development of the service-oriented government concept, and the continuous improvement of the administrative legal system, administrative law is gradually meeting the needs of the times in both form and substance. At present, China is in a critical period of economic system transformation. Promoting the institutionalization of administrative procedures not only helps to establish clear game rules for the operation of a market economy with Chinese characteristics, but also promotes the transformation of administrative management models and the adjustment of government functions. This study uses literature analysis, historical research, and case analysis methods to analyze the practice and trends of China's administrative procedural legal system. Combining historical background and national conditions, it analyzes the relevant issues in the construction of China's administrative procedural legal system, and explores four aspects of relevant legal systems: information disclosure, administrative notification, administrative hearing, and statement defense. It explains the origin, development, and impact of specific events in China's judicial practice. This study points out that in the process of the development of administrative procedural legal system in China, there are problems and improvement directions such as insufficient implementation of the system, system implementation being superficial, system abuse, and conflicts of rights in system design.