淚痕下的尋道者——從家內修復到社會行動，自殺者遺族的傷後重建

Abstract

一起自殺事件的發生，帶給一個家庭重大打擊，改變原先家庭成員的角色和關係，也為家庭系統的未來發展增添挑戰。本報導關注曾在家庭中遭遇自殺事件的自殺者親屬，欲了解他們在經歷親人自殺離世之後，如何面對未曾預料的變化、哀痛和未知，又是怎樣在家庭關係與社會文化交織的壓力當中，持續轉化悲傷經驗，走上失落哀悼、關係修復與身分重建的漫漫長路。 有別於過往主流自殺防治論述的醫療化，以及既有報導著重在個體的框架視角，本文以自殺者遺族的社會身分切入，期待看見遺族個人和自己、家庭及社會的互動關係，並從個體經驗中，檢視為何該群體的境遇，在國家以自殺防治策略應對自殺議題的 20 多年以來，仍未見長足的進展，藉此思考既存的社會制度與文化，有哪些值得補充之處。透過深度訪談近 20 多位遺族，以及另外 20 多名心理、社工背景的專業工作者、自殺和創傷研究學者等，本報導欲回答下列問題:一、自殺者遺族的失落創傷為何?它如何改變遺族個人或其家庭?二、在創傷修復的過程裡，遺族面對什麼樣的社會現況，又要克服哪些問題?三、因應上述問題，當前遺族群體有怎樣的行動或發展趨勢，未來還有什麼可能性? 本報導欲指出，即使是同一家庭的遺族，因不同成員的社會角色差異，可能面臨不同的哀悼歷程，好比大人的悲傷通常較能被理解，孩子的失落則相對難以被想像。差異的條件，將影響遺族對各自傷痛的詮釋，以及此後的自我發展。此外，主流社會中的正向思考態度、對於談論自殺的陌生乃至禁忌氛圍，抑或是國家採用精神醫療的認識和方法，來解釋自殺問題、設計防治制度，都使得遺族的聲音難以被當作主體經驗來正視。但也正因如此，近年來有遺族成立自助團體、同儕團體的趨勢，遺族們在分享經驗、相互學習的過程裡，思考「自殺者遺族」這個身分，也帶出與此相關的權利和需求面之討論。

The occurrence of a suicide within a family delivers a profound devastating blow, disrupting preexisting roles and relationships among family members and introducing complex challenges for the family system’s future development. This report focuses on individuals who have lost a family member to suicide. It seeks to explore how they cope with unexpected changes, grief and uncertainty, while navigating the pressures created by the intersection of familial relationships and sociocultural expectations. The report also aims to understand how these survivors endeavor to process their sorrow and embark on long journeys of mourning, healing, and identity reconstruction. Departing from mainstream, medicalized suicide prevention discourse and the individual-focused frameworks often found in existing reports, this study centers on the social identity of suicide loss survivors. It investigates how these individuals relate to themselves, their families, and the broader society, using their personal experiences as a lens to examine why the collective circumstances of this group have remained largely unchanged, even after more than two decades of state-initiated suicide prevention strategies. Through in-depth interviews with nearly 20 survivors and over 20 professionals—including psychologists, social workers, and scholars—this report seeks to address the following key questions: 1. What are the specific forms of loss and trauma experienced by suicide loss survivors, and how do these affect them as individuals and as members of their families? 2. In the process of trauma recovery, what social realities do survivors confront, and what challenges must they overcome? 3. In response to these challenges, what current actions or emerging trends are evident among survivors as a group, and what future possibilities exist?