籃球賽事評論的語言建構——以大專籃球聯賽直播為例

Abstract

籃球賽事評論為一種機構型會話，由主播與評論員共同負責賽事播報。目前在會話分析領域中，針對體育賽事評論的相關研究尚未成型。有鑑於此，本研究以大專籃球聯賽之直播紀錄影片為語料，探討籃球賽事評論中「一個進攻回合」的整體結構、共構特性與話輪交替形式，試圖填補此領域之研究空白。研究發現，「一個進攻回合」的整體結構可區分為三個階段：「描述—結果—評論」，並依回合情境細分為最小結構、標準結構與擴展結構。主播與評論員的參與形式則包括：主播獨立完成整體結構、主播負責描述與結果而評論員負責評論，以及雙方共同建構各個階段。共構特性方面，籃球賽評展現三項主要特徵，分別為立場一致的認同與附和、情感立場的融入以及透過回顧方式呼應當下賽況。話輪交替形式則歸納為三類：評論員介入描述階段、評論員主動發起評論，以及主播引發評論員參與評論。最後，本研究將上述會話分析成果應用於華語教學，設計一門以「籃球賽事評論實戰」為主題之課程，填補當前華語教學中「專業華語」與「運動華語」領域教材之空缺。課程運用真實語料、結合多元語言技能訓練與數位工具，貫徹「多元化」與「數位化」的教學理念，為華語課程設計提供實務應用與創新模式之參考。

Basketball commentary is a form of institutional talk, jointly conducted by a play-by-play announcer and a color commentator. In the field of conversation analysis, research specifically focusing on sports commentary remains underdeveloped. In response to this gap, the present study examines the structure and interactional features of basketball commentary using live broadcast footage from University Basketball Association (UBA) as its primary data source. The analysis focuses on the structure of a single offensive possession, the co-constructed features of the commentary, and the turn-taking patterns between announcer and commentator. Findings reveal that the structure of an offensive possession can be divided into three stages: Description–Result–Commentary, and can be categorized into minimal, standard, and expanded structures based on the complexity of the play. The participation formats include: the announcer completing all three stages alone; the announcer providing the description and result while the commentator contributes the commentary; and both participants jointly constructing the entire segment. In terms of co-construction, three major features are observed: mutual alignment and agreement, emotional stance-taking to enhance viewer engagement, and retrospective references to previous events to support the current commentary. Turn-taking patterns are also classified into three types: commentators intervening during the description, commentators initiating commentary, and announcers prompting commentators to contribute. Finally, this study applies the findings of conversation analysis to Chinese language teaching by designing a course titled "Basketball Commentary Practicum". This course addresses the current lack of instructional materials in the areas of professional Chinese and sports Chinese. The course uses authentic commentary data, integrates training in all language skills, and incorporates digital tools, embodying the principles of diversification and digitalization. This provides both a practical framework and an innovative model for future Chinese language curriculum design.