房山石經所見之刻經人群與社邑現象（625-1056）

Abstract

本文以房山石經題記為材料，依時間序探討房山石經開刻到遼代初期續造《大般若波羅蜜多經》的時段中，幽州地域社會經歷了唐代初期、安史之亂、藩鎮割據和遼代統治，從刻經事業的中斷和轉變來探討幽州當地民眾應對政治局勢的變化和幽州地域社會的文化風俗凝聚。其中社邑活動貫穿整個主軸，以基層民眾的工商業社邑和地區型社邑的組成，和刻經形式的變化形式來研究，幽州民間社會的經濟型態和地方政權的轉變。分析從唐代到遼代初期幽州地域社會的變遷。作者將研究分為天寶以前、中晚唐和遼代初期三個時期，將房山石經題記所出現的轉變和中斷，與當下幽州社會所面臨的困難和衝擊相連，提出房山石經事業是幽州地域文化的形成的重要節點。

This thesis examines the transformation of regional society in Youzhou from the early Tang to the early Liao dynasty, using the inscriptions of the Fangshan Stone Sutras as primary source material. Through a chronological framework, it focuses on the period from the initial carving of the Fangshan Stone Sutras to the continued production of the Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra in the early Liao. During this period, Youzhou underwent significant political upheavals, including the early Tang consolidation, the An Lushan Rebellion, the fragmentation under military governors, and the establishment of Liao rule. By analyzing the interruptions and transitions in the scripture-carving enterprise, this study explores how local society in Youzhou responded to changing political conditions and how these responses shaped regional cultural identity and social cohesion. Particular attention is given to lay Buddhist associations (sheyi), which form a consistent thread throughout this historical trajectory. Through examining both grassroots sheyi—composed of artisans and merchants—and larger, regionally organized associations, as well as changes in the format and structure of scripture carving, this thesis reconstructs the economic configurations of local society and investigates the interaction between religious practices and shifting political authority. The research is divided into three historical phases: the period before the Tianbao era (pre-742), the mid-to-late Tang period, and the early Liao dynasty. By correlating the transformations and interruptions evident in the Fangshan Stone Sutra inscriptions with the socio-political challenges faced by Youzhou at each stage, this thesis argues that the scripture-carving enterprise served as a critical juncture in the formation of regional culture in northern China.