用於校正之注入鎖定相位調變電路與PRBS產生器之設計

Abstract

隨著未來第六代（6G）無線通訊系統快速發展，系統運作頻率逐漸提升至毫米波甚至太赫茲頻段，對於超高速且高可靠度的資料傳輸需求也日益增加。為了滿足這些要求，先進的相位陣列發射器技術變得越來越重要。 本論文設計並實作了兩個關鍵模組，分別為注入鎖定式相位調變電路以及用於校正的偽隨機位元序列（PRBS）產生器，以支援高頻相位陣列系統的應用。這兩個電路分別獨立實現，各自展現了新一代毫米波與太赫茲無線系統中所需的重要功能。 相位調變電路採用可調元件來降低製程變異的影響，並在佈局上考量對稱性與訊號損耗的最小化。為了協助訊號量測與輸出，整合了取樣器、混波器與電流模式邏輯（CML）緩衝器等週邊電路。此電路成功在60 GHz下實現相位調變功能，頻率調整範圍約為2.6 GHz，鎖定範圍超過7 GHz，並可達約2ns的快速穩定時間。 在高速數位訊號產生的部分，PRBS產生器使用適用於高頻操作的CML邏輯閘設計，達到四通道、每通道30 Gbps的輸出速度。模擬結果顯示，在15 GHz時脈下能穩定運作，確保輸出高品質的偽隨機位元序列，可作為調變與校正所需的資料來源。 儘管這兩個電路為分別的設計，但各自解決了在相位陣列發射器中的關鍵挑戰。其中注入鎖定電路可提供精確的相位控制，而PRBS電路則支援所需的高速資料產生。兩者的實現為未來可擴展的波束成形架構與進階數位調變技術打下了良好基礎，有助於推動下一代無線通訊技術的發展。

With the rapid advancement of future 6G wireless communication systems operating in the millimeter-wave and terahertz frequency bands, there is a growing demand for ultra-high-speed and highly reliable data transmission. To address these challenges, advanced phased-array transmitter technologies have become increasingly essential. This thesis presents the design and implementation of two key modules, an injection-locked phase modulation circuit and a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) generator for calibration, which support high-frequency phased-array transmitter systems. The two circuits were developed independently, and each demonstrates important capabilities required for next-generation millimeter-wave and terahertz communication platforms. The injection-locked phase modulation circuit incorporates tunable components to mitigate process variations, and layout techniques such as symmetry and loss minimization are carefully applied. Supporting circuits, including samplers, mixers, and current-mode logic (CML) buffers, are integrated to enable precise signal interfacing and accurate measurement. The phase modulation function has been verified at 60 GHz, achieving a tuning range of approximately 2.6 GHz, a locking range greater than 7 GHz, and a fast settling time of around 2 ns. To enable high-speed digital pattern generation for modulation, a four-lane PRBS generator was designed using CML logic gates optimized for high-frequency operation. Each lane operates at 30 Gbps, and simulation results confirm that the circuit performs reliably at a 15 GHz clock frequency. The PRBS generator ensures stable output of high-quality pseudo-random bit streams for calibration use. Although these two modules are implemented separately, they individually address critical aspects of phased-array transmitter design. The injection-locked circuit enables precise phase control, while the PRBS generator provides the necessary high-speed data patterns. Together, these contributions lay the groundwork for scalable beamforming systems and advanced modulation techniques that support the development of next-generation wireless communication technologies.