開發用於儲能材料之碳黑導電性水泥基電極與其電化學特性分析

Abstract

隨著能源轉型與碳中和目標推進，兼具結構承載與儲能功能的多功能建材成為重要研究方向。傳統水泥基材料雖具備良好力學性能，但電化學性能有限，需透過導電填料與功能性添加物提升其儲能潛力。然而，碳黑分散方式、添加比例與水灰比對導電閾值行為及電容性能的影響仍缺乏系統性分析。 本研究旨在建立水泥基電容材料的製程與性能關聯，並提出適用於結構型儲能應用的設計策略。研究分為四個階段：比較不同碳黑分散方式對導電性影響、探討碳黑添加量與水灰比對導電閾值行為的關係、評估MnO₂偽電容效應，以及分析PVA-KOH凝膠系統在不同碳黑含量下的導電與儲能表現。 實驗採用循環伏安法（CV）、電化學阻抗頻譜（EIS）等技術，結合拌合方式與養護條件控制，以解析電子與離子傳輸機制。結果顯示，超音波分散能有效改善導電性，水灰比與養護濃度影響導電閾值穩定性；MnO₂未顯著提升初始電容；PVA-KOH凝膠可改善界面電導但仍受碳黑網絡連續性限制。 綜合分析，本研究提出影響水泥基電容性能的關鍵因子與初步最佳化組成策略，為結構型超級電容器的設計與應用提供參考。

With the advancement of energy transition and carbon neutrality goals, multifunctional building materials that integrate structural load-bearing capacity and energy storage capability have attracted increasing attention. Traditional cement-based materials possess excellent mechanical properties but limited electrochemical performance, requiring conductive fillers and functional additives to enhance their energy storage potential. However, the effects of carbon black dispersion methods, dosage, and water-to-cement ratio on percolation behavior and capacitance remain insufficiently understood. This study aims to establish the relationship between processing parameters and electrochemical performance of cement-based capacitive materials and propose design strategies for structural energy storage applications. The research was divided into four stages: comparing different carbon black dispersion methods on electrical conductivity, investigating the influence of carbon black dosage and water-to-cement ratio on percolation behavior, evaluating the pseudocapacitive effect of MnO₂, and analyzing the conductivity and energy storage performance of PVA-KOH gel systems with various carbon black contents. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed, combined with controlled mixing procedures and curing conditions, to analyze electron and ion transport mechanisms. The results indicate that ultrasonic dispersion significantly improves conductivity, while water-to-cement ratio and curing concentration affect the stability of the percolation threshold. MnO₂ did not show a significant enhancement in initial capacitance, whereas PVA-KOH gel improved interfacial conductivity but remained limited by the continuity of the carbon black network. Overall, this study identifies key factors influencing the electrochemical performance of cement-based capacitive materials and proposes preliminary optimization strategies, providing a reference for the design and application of structural supercapacitors.